1. Ch. 10 – Accusative + Infinitive & Verb Conjugations Ch. 11 – Genitive & Dative Cases, Roman Names & The Foundation of Rome Centaurs battle with Lapithen

2. Case Review Nominative case Genitive case Dative case Accusative case Ablative case

3. Nominative Case The Romans used the nominative case most commonly to indicate the subject of a verb.

4. Accusative Case The Romans used the accusative case to indicate the direct object of the action of the verb. The person or thing directly affected by the action of the verb.

5. Accusative Case cont. It can also be used for the object of certain prepositions. e.g. –ad – to –in – into –post – after, behind

6. Ablative Case The ablative case we sometimes call the adverbial case because it was the case used by the Romans when they wished to modify the verb by such ideas as: –Means (“by what”) –Agent (“by whom”) –Accompaniment (“with whom”) –Manner (“how”) –Place (“where; from which”) –Time (“when or within which”)

7. Ablative Case cont. The Romans used the ablative sometimes with a preposition and sometimes without one. There is no simple rule of thumb for translating this complex case.

8. Modifiers You have seen how the meaning of sentences can be expanded by the addition of adjectives to modify nouns. Davus ad magnam portam stat. Davus stands near the large door. A noun can also be modified by the addition of another noun in the genitive case.

9. What do you notice? Davus ad portam stat. Davus stands near the door. Davus ad portam villae stat. Davus stands near the door of the country house.

10. What do you notice? Aurelia est mater. Aurelia is a/the mother. Aurelia est mater Marci et Corneliae. Aurelia is the mother of Marcus and Cornelia.

11. What do you notice? Servi baculum timent. The slaves fear the stick. Servi baculum vilici timent. The slaves fear the overseer’s stick.

12. What do you notice? In ramis se celat. He hides in the branches. In ramis arboris se celat. He hides in the branches of the tree.

13. Conclusion The additional nouns in the second sentence are in the genitive case. Genitive case is used to connect one noun with another to make a single phrase.

14. Genitive Case Usage Indicate a family relationship Showing possession Provide some other qualification or description

15. Genitive Case Usage cont. Fill out meaning of certain adjectives It is parallel to the English use of prepositional phrases with infinitives. If that doesn’t make sense ignore it.

16. Genitive Case The English key words of the use of the genitive case are: of, ‘s (sg), & s’ (pl). Usually follows the noun it modifies.

17. Example Area est plena servorum et ancillarum The threshing-floor is full of slaves and slave-women.

18. Last Case of the Year! Dative case Formally introduced in chapter 22 These are indirect objects – the most common use.

19. Dative Case Used when speaking of giving something to someone. In English key words for the dative case are: to & for.

20. Dative Case cont. The Romans used the dative to mark the person or thing indirectly affected by the action of the verb.

21. Dative Case cont. Cur mihi quoque necesse est ad urbem redire? Why is it necessary for me to return to the city?

22. Case Endings Mayhem A full chart of all case endings for the first 3 declensions is on page 81. Get out your Big Note Card and add these last two cases. Let’s Chant!!! Cantate!

23. Vocabulary Lists In the future they will list the dictionary entry. Can you break it apart? puella, -ae, f., girl servus, -i, m., slave

24. What’s in a Word? Gender Declension number How do we decline a noun? –Cut off gen. ending –Add case ending

25. Roman Names The 3 parts of a Roman name –Gaius Julius Caesar –Praenomen – personal name (Gaius) –Nomen – clan’s name (Julius) –Cognomen – nickname/name of branch of clan (Caesar)

26. It’s a Girl! Feminine form of father’s name –Cornelius  Cornelia Multiple daughters were numbered –Cornelia Secunda –Cornelia Minor –Cornelia Tertia Formal naming of girls uses genitive case (of the father’s name) –Cornelia Gaii Cornelii Calvi (filia)

27. Slaves Master’s name in genitive case added to slave’s name –Davus Gaii Cornelii Calvi (servus)

28. What’s in a Name? How do American Names compare to Latin names? First Name = praenomen Middle Name = cognomen Last Name = nomen

29. Romanize Your Name What would your name be if you were Roman? Magistra Roman Nomen: –Carla Carli Vickerii Herberti (filia)

30. Apperite Librum Page 83 has a little more detail. Let’s read about it now.

31. Founding of Rome The story of Rome’s birth mixes both myth and fact into one story without discerning one from the other. In chapter 5, pages 28-31, we learned that Aeneas, a Trojan Prince, found Rome in 1184 BC

32. Founding of Rome Aeneas - marries the daughter of Latinus, an Italian king. Ascanius – becomes King after his father’s death and founds Alba Longa. He also was called Julius.

33. Founding of Rome One of their descendents, a prince Amulius seized power from his older brother Numitor. Amulius killed Numitor’s sons and forced his daughter Rhea Silvia to become a Vestal Virgin.

34. Founding of Rome Rhea gets pregnant by the God Mars, and bears twin sons Romulus & Remus. Rhea Silvia is sentenced to die the way all Vestal Virgins are if they break their vows.

35. Founding of Rome She is imprisoned in an earthen cell and sealed in without food or water or light. The idea being that if Vesta thought she had committed no crime she would free her.

36. Founding of Rome Romulus and Remus are sent to death and are to be exposed adrift the Tiber river. The river was flooded and so they were not taken as far as they should have been, but placed near it. (sound like a familiar story?)

37. Founding of Rome A she-wolf nurses the twins over night and in the morning are found by a shepherd who raises them.

38. Founding of Rome As adults Romulus was always talking Remus into doing things he shouldn’t be doing and in one of these escapades Remus was caught and sentenced to be the slave of the King’s brother, Numitor. Numitor and Remus get to talking and discovered that they are grandfather and grandson.

39. Founding of Rome Remus contacts Romulus and the two devise a way to give their grandfather back his throne and kill Amulius.

40. Romulus & Remus They leave and decide to found their own city nearby. Here is where we have two versions of what happened.

41. Version One They found their city where they were exposed and raised and consult augers over the naming of the city. Remus saw a sign first of 6 vultures. Then Romulus saw 12 vultures. They and their supporters fight and Remus gets killed.

42. Version Two Romulus and Remus were building separate cities next to each other. Romulus was seriously working on his wall and Remus was teasing him.

43. Version Two cont. He didn’t see how it would keep people out and jumped over it to demonstrate this. Romulus was sick of Remus's jokes and killed his brother in a fit of jealous rage.

44. Founding of Rome Either way Rome was believed to have been founded on April 21, 753 BC. Any further questions about the story see pages 85-87 in your book.

45. Finis.