2. Grammar Log #1 Prepare a few sheets of paper for Cornell Notes Prepare a few sheets of paper for Cornell Notes

3. What are sentence constituents? Sentence constituents are just “parts of the sentence”...these include: Sentence constituents are just “parts of the sentence”...these include: Noun Phrase Subjects-these hold the main subject noun, determiners, and adjectives. Sometimes prepositional phrases exist in the noun phrase subject, too. Noun Phrase Subjects-these hold the main subject noun, determiners, and adjectives. Sometimes prepositional phrases exist in the noun phrase subject, too. Noun Phrases within the Predicate-This is where the “object of the sentence” is found. Objects are always “acted” upon by the subject. Noun Phrases within the Predicate-This is where the “object of the sentence” is found. Objects are always “acted” upon by the subject. Predicate Phrases-this starts with the verb phrase and holds the object of the sentence. Predicate Phrases-this starts with the verb phrase and holds the object of the sentence. Verb Phrases-this contains the verb and its auxiliaries, or “helpers”. Verb Phrases-this contains the verb and its auxiliaries, or “helpers”. Syntax-This is the organization of words in a sentence. Syntax-This is the organization of words in a sentence. Sentence constituents are just “parts of the sentence”...these include: Sentence constituents are just “parts of the sentence”...these include: Noun Phrase Subjects-these hold the main subject noun, determiners, and adjectives. Sometimes prepositional phrases exist in the noun phrase subject, too. Noun Phrase Subjects-these hold the main subject noun, determiners, and adjectives. Sometimes prepositional phrases exist in the noun phrase subject, too. Noun Phrases within the Predicate-This is where the “object of the sentence” is found. Objects are always “acted” upon by the subject. Noun Phrases within the Predicate-This is where the “object of the sentence” is found. Objects are always “acted” upon by the subject. Predicate Phrases-this starts with the verb phrase and holds the object of the sentence. Predicate Phrases-this starts with the verb phrase and holds the object of the sentence. Verb Phrases-this contains the verb and its auxiliaries, or “helpers”. Verb Phrases-this contains the verb and its auxiliaries, or “helpers”. Syntax-This is the organization of words in a sentence. Syntax-This is the organization of words in a sentence.

4. There are two main parts of a sentence… The Noun Phrase Subject-This is where the main Noun (subject) resides. It comes before the verb. The Noun Phrase Subject-This is where the main Noun (subject) resides. It comes before the verb. The Predicate Phrase-this starts with the verb phrase (we’ll get to that later). Basically, your verb starts the predicate. Also, the object (or, what is “acted upon” resides in the Predicate). The Predicate Phrase-this starts with the verb phrase (we’ll get to that later). Basically, your verb starts the predicate. Also, the object (or, what is “acted upon” resides in the Predicate). The Noun Phrase Subject-This is where the main Noun (subject) resides. It comes before the verb. The Noun Phrase Subject-This is where the main Noun (subject) resides. It comes before the verb. The Predicate Phrase-this starts with the verb phrase (we’ll get to that later). Basically, your verb starts the predicate. Also, the object (or, what is “acted upon” resides in the Predicate). The Predicate Phrase-this starts with the verb phrase (we’ll get to that later). Basically, your verb starts the predicate. Also, the object (or, what is “acted upon” resides in the Predicate).

5. The Phrase Structure Tree S S NP PredP. NP PredP. The “S” represents “Sentence” The “S” represents “Sentence” The “NP” represents “Noun Phrase” The “NP” represents “Noun Phrase” The “PredP.” represents the “Predicate Phrase. The “PredP.” represents the “Predicate Phrase. The Phrase Structure Tree is just a schematic to represent the parts of the sentence. The Phrase Structure Tree is just a schematic to represent the parts of the sentence. S S NP PredP. NP PredP. The “S” represents “Sentence” The “S” represents “Sentence” The “NP” represents “Noun Phrase” The “NP” represents “Noun Phrase” The “PredP.” represents the “Predicate Phrase. The “PredP.” represents the “Predicate Phrase. The Phrase Structure Tree is just a schematic to represent the parts of the sentence. The Phrase Structure Tree is just a schematic to represent the parts of the sentence.

6. Noun Phrases can exist within the Predicate, too! S S (sentence) (sentence) NP PredP. NP PredP. (noun phrase SUBJECT) (predicate phrase) (noun phrase SUBJECT) (predicate phrase) VP NP VP NP (verb phrase) (noun phrase) (verb phrase) (noun phrase) N V D N N V D N (noun) (verb) (determiner) (noun) (noun) (verb) (determiner) (noun) Juan is the pitcher. Juan is the pitcher. S S (sentence) (sentence) NP PredP. NP PredP. (noun phrase SUBJECT) (predicate phrase) (noun phrase SUBJECT) (predicate phrase) VP NP VP NP (verb phrase) (noun phrase) (verb phrase) (noun phrase) N V D N N V D N (noun) (verb) (determiner) (noun) (noun) (verb) (determiner) (noun) Juan is the pitcher. Juan is the pitcher.

7. What’s a “Determiner”??? Determiners can be articles like: “a”, “an”, and “the”. Determiners can be articles like: “a”, “an”, and “the”. Determiners can be possessive pronouns like: “my”, “his”, and “her”. Determiners can be possessive pronouns like: “my”, “his”, and “her”. Determiners can be possessive nouns like: “Joe’s”, “Bartholomew’s”, “New York City’s”. Determiners can be possessive nouns like: “Joe’s”, “Bartholomew’s”, “New York City’s”. Determiners introduce the noun. Determiners introduce the noun. Determiners can be articles like: “a”, “an”, and “the”. Determiners can be articles like: “a”, “an”, and “the”. Determiners can be possessive pronouns like: “my”, “his”, and “her”. Determiners can be possessive pronouns like: “my”, “his”, and “her”. Determiners can be possessive nouns like: “Joe’s”, “Bartholomew’s”, “New York City’s”. Determiners can be possessive nouns like: “Joe’s”, “Bartholomew’s”, “New York City’s”. Determiners introduce the noun. Determiners introduce the noun.

8. Examples NP NP D N D N The hat The hat A dog A dog My house My house Joe’s shoes Joe’s shoes New York City’s Central Park The noun (N) is always the subject in the Noun Phrase (NP). “Joe” and “New York City’s” are introducing the nouns: “shoes” and “Central Park”. NP NP D N D N The hat The hat A dog A dog My house My house Joe’s shoes Joe’s shoes New York City’s Central Park The noun (N) is always the subject in the Noun Phrase (NP). “Joe” and “New York City’s” are introducing the nouns: “shoes” and “Central Park”.

9. Back to the Noun Phrase Subject…What can exist in it? Nouns--of course Nouns--of course Pronouns--to act as the “Subject” Pronouns--to act as the “Subject” Determiners--to introduce the “Subject” Determiners--to introduce the “Subject” Adjectives--to describe the subject (noun) Adjectives--to describe the subject (noun) Prepositional Phrases--to show the position of the subject. Prepositional phrases may also reside in the predicate phrase, too. Prepositional Phrases--to show the position of the subject. Prepositional phrases may also reside in the predicate phrase, too. Nouns--of course Nouns--of course Pronouns--to act as the “Subject” Pronouns--to act as the “Subject” Determiners--to introduce the “Subject” Determiners--to introduce the “Subject” Adjectives--to describe the subject (noun) Adjectives--to describe the subject (noun) Prepositional Phrases--to show the position of the subject. Prepositional phrases may also reside in the predicate phrase, too. Prepositional Phrases--to show the position of the subject. Prepositional phrases may also reside in the predicate phrase, too.

10. Here’s an example with a prepositional phrase in the Noun Phrase Subject (NP) S NP PredP NP PredP PP N VP NP PP N VP NP P NP V N P NP V N D N D N By the river, Jill ate cake. By the river, Jill ate cake. “Jill” is our subject, not “river”-that’s the object of the preposition. “Jill” is our subject, not “river”-that’s the object of the preposition. The noun “cake” is our object of the sentence. The noun “cake” is our object of the sentence. S NP PredP NP PredP PP N VP NP PP N VP NP P NP V N P NP V N D N D N By the river, Jill ate cake. By the river, Jill ate cake. “Jill” is our subject, not “river”-that’s the object of the preposition. “Jill” is our subject, not “river”-that’s the object of the preposition. The noun “cake” is our object of the sentence. The noun “cake” is our object of the sentence.

11. Let’s review What are “Sentence Constituents”? What are “Sentence Constituents”? How many “parts” are there to a sentence? How many “parts” are there to a sentence? What does NP & PredP mean? What does NP & PredP mean? Where can a prepositional phrase exist in a sentence? Where can a prepositional phrase exist in a sentence? What is a “determiner” and what does it determine? What is a “determiner” and what does it determine? What are “Sentence Constituents”? What are “Sentence Constituents”? How many “parts” are there to a sentence? How many “parts” are there to a sentence? What does NP & PredP mean? What does NP & PredP mean? Where can a prepositional phrase exist in a sentence? Where can a prepositional phrase exist in a sentence? What is a “determiner” and what does it determine? What is a “determiner” and what does it determine?

12. Let’s Review What does “n” stand for? What does “n” stand for? What does “PP” stand for? (be serious) What does “PP” stand for? (be serious) What does “p” stand for? What does “p” stand for? What does “D” stand for? What does “D” stand for? What can be a “D”? What can be a “D”? How about “VP”? How about “VP”? What does “V” stand for? What does “V” stand for? What does “n” stand for? What does “n” stand for? What does “PP” stand for? (be serious) What does “PP” stand for? (be serious) What does “p” stand for? What does “p” stand for? What does “D” stand for? What does “D” stand for? What can be a “D”? What can be a “D”? How about “VP”? How about “VP”? What does “V” stand for? What does “V” stand for?

13. Next time we meet… We will review today’s lesson We will review today’s lesson We will learn more about “Verb Phases” and what constitutes one. We will learn more about “Verb Phases” and what constitutes one. We will learn about auxiliaries, “aux” We will learn about auxiliaries, “aux” We will learn about Participles (inflected verb forms and gerunds as nouns) We will learn about Participles (inflected verb forms and gerunds as nouns) We will learn the “be” verb form We will learn the “be” verb form We will learn about “verb particles” We will learn about “verb particles” We will review today’s lesson We will review today’s lesson We will learn more about “Verb Phases” and what constitutes one. We will learn more about “Verb Phases” and what constitutes one. We will learn about auxiliaries, “aux” We will learn about auxiliaries, “aux” We will learn about Participles (inflected verb forms and gerunds as nouns) We will learn about Participles (inflected verb forms and gerunds as nouns) We will learn the “be” verb form We will learn the “be” verb form We will learn about “verb particles” We will learn about “verb particles”