1. WAR IN THE PACIFIC Officially began Dec 7, 1941 when Empire of ___________ invaded Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and the US military base at _________________ Dates back to 1938 when Japan took up strategic bombing against ___________ – devastating entire cities and killing more than 260,000 (including civilians)

2. US TENSION WITH JAPAN To discourage Japan’s M – especially in China & Indochina (Vietnam) - the USA & _________ stopped trading iron ore, steel & oil to Japan Denying it raw materials needed to continue activities toward Asian_____________________ 80% of Japanese consumption … without which their E___________ & M___________ would grind to a halt

4. JAPAN’S DECISION Faced with choice of economic collapse & withdrawal, Japan Imperial Gov began plans for war with ________________ Original objective was to seize key _____________ colonial economic resources in Malaysia & East Indies Later decided - because of close relationship between USA & Britain - belief they would ___________ get involved too Japan based decision on experiences v. ________________ = defeat by strategic military battles … not total conquest

5. ATTACK OF PEARL HARBOR ______________-based air strikes aimed at crippling US Naval forces = 8 American ___________ taken out of action Gamble that, when faced with such sudden & massive defeat, USA would agree to __________________ – allowing Japan free rein in Asia & Pacific Region

7. FOLLOWING … _______________

8. RESULTS IN … USAir Craft Carriers US Air Craft Carriers, far more important than battleships, were at sea = remain untouched Infrastructure Vital Infrastructure - fuel tanks, shipyard, power station, Radar – remained functional & useful mobilize - continues ability to mobilize for war gain intelligence - continues ability to gain intelligence Solidifies American resolve for War against the Axis Powers in both Europe & the Pacific

10. ALSO CRITICAL: ______________________

11. ATTACK ON PHILIPPINES Same day as Pearl Harbor = “ Day of Infamy !” trade & communication Cut off Allied lines of trade & communication by seizing Guam & Wake Additional Allied losses included: Hong Kong, East Indies, Singapore, Indonesia, etc… Isolating Allied Powers = Australia & New Zealand - even sent forces to try to take Aluetian Islands

12. EXPANDS JAPAN’S: ____________________

13. DOOLITTLE RAID Air raid from an Carrier on Japan’s capital city ofT______ Lieutenant Colonel James "James" Doolittle Demonstrated that Japan was vulnerable to attack

14. ISLAND-HOPPING Tokyo Strategy - cut supply lines & eliminate troop pockets moving from one island to the next on way to Tokyo resources Concentrate - take out resources available to their military production airfields Ability to construct airfields from which strategically bomb Philippines Make way back to retaking Philippines

16. BATTLE AT MIDWAY (W____-T_______) flanking US code breakers (W____-T_______) discovered intentions of Japanese... allowing carriers to get into flanking position without detection US bombers from carriers attack from 10,000 feet dealing fatal blows to 3 Japanese carriers

17. GUADALCANAL amphibious Marines make amphibious landing of Solomon Islands Capture airfield, destroy aircraft, cut Japanese supply lines … Expand strategy toward ultimately invading Japan

18. IWO JIMA 3strategic airfields Capture 3 strategic airfields on island allow Allies launch air & naval assaults from much closer range Raising the Flag Marine Regiment reached summit of Mt. Siribatchi for famous Raising the Flag picture

19. BOMBING TOKYO BOMBING TOKYO (MARCH 1945) StrategicUrban 280 B-29 Super-fortress 1700 tonsStrategic (factories) & Urban (cities) bombing using 280 B-29 Super-fortress bombers ( 1700 tons ) – including many highly destructive incendiary bombs Desire to force Japan to capitulate (Armistice) Single most destructive bombing raid in history 286,358 buildings & homes destroyed 97,000 killed + 125,000 wounded

21. OKINAWA OKINAWA (APRIL 1945) Operation Iceberg … (4 Army Div + 2 Marine)Operation Iceberg … largest amphibious assault in Pacific War (4 Army Div + 2 Marine) 110,000 casualties including civilians Allied forces suffer 14,000 deaths of the total of 110,000 casualties … including civilians

22. MANHATTAN PROJECT nuclear weaponsResearch / Development project to produce the first nuclear weapons = Atomic Bombs U.S. Army Corps of Engineers at Los Alamos Lab Fission weapon made of uranium and a more complex plutonium implosion-type weapon

23. DECISION TO DROP ATOMIC BOMB Bombing campaign to destroy Japan’s infrastructure (factories, RR, ports…) did not result in Armistice (Treaty) Island-Hopping campaign & potential invasion of Japan predicted to be extremely costly (men & machines) American soldiers & civilians weary from 4 years of war … Japan’s military rejects request for unconditional surrender

24. HIROSHIMA & NAGASAKI (AUG 1945) Targeted because of association to military production Aug 6 = uranium bomb ( Little Boy ) drop on Hiroshima Aug 9 = plutonium bomb ( Fat Man ) drop on Nagasaki Estimates put dead at: - 150,000 in Hiroshima - 80,000 in Nagasaki

25. TOTAL DESTRUCTION

26. HIROSHIMA PEACE MEMORIAL MUSEUM

27. DIFFICULT DECISION DIFFICULT DECISION …