1. Social Effects of the Depression

2. Poverty Spreads Banks and savings accounts closed. –People lost their money. Some people lost their jobs, homes; almost everything. Everyone was affected by the Great Depression. –Professionals and white-collar workers (middle class) were laid off. –The poor were the hardest hit.

3. Great Depression Affects the World

6. Sign Man, New York City, 1937

10. “Hoovervilles” Homeless people built shanty towns with anything scraps they could find. –These shanty towns were called “Hoovervilles” to mock President Hoover for not doing more to help them.

13. Two small children during the Great Depression sit beside a donation jar labeled "Hoover's Poor Farm Tobacco Fund." They are part of a squatter community, of a kind known bitterly as "Hoovervilles" because of the President's inability to even admit to the existence of a national crisis. A sign in front reads, "Hard Times are still Hoovering over Us."

14. Breadline

18. Al Capone, the notorious Chicago gangster, set up and paid for a breadline to feed unemployed people in his city. When Capone attended Chicago baseball games, the crowd cheered him. President Hoover saw federal breadlines and said, “Nobody is actually starving. The hoboes, for example, are better fed than they have ever been.” When Hoover threw out the first ball at a major-league baseball game, the crowd booed him. Differences:

22. Farm Distress Farmers had lower incomes because of lower food prices. –Some protested the low food prices by dumping milk and destroying crops. Many farmers lost their farms to banks. In the South, tenant farmers and sharecroppers lost their jobs. Tenant Farmer-Farmer farming on someone else's land

23. Farm Security Administration: Homeless family, tenant farmers in 1936.

24. Dust Bowl Environmental Crisis – The Dust Bowl –A region in the Midwest where drought and dust storms occurred during the 1930s. Farmers lost their land due to low farm prices and terrible weather. –Many of them moved West, especially to California, looking for jobs.

26. Dust Storm in Colorado

27. Dust Storm in Oklahoma

30. Dust Bowl Video Clip

39. Oklahoma Migrants

40. Lubbock, Texas (10/17/2011) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Taj6KajQ82E (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Taj6KajQ82E

41. California's "Anti-Okie Law" In 1937, California passed the so-called "Anti- Okie Law" (Section 2615 St. 1937, p. 1406) which stated: –"Every person, firm or corporation, or officer or agent thereof that brings or assists in bringing into the State any indigent who is not a resident of the State, knowing him to be an indigent person, is guilty of a misdemeanor.” The statute was eventually overturned in 1941 by Edwards v. California (314 U.S. 160). –Edwards had brought his brother-in-law from Texas to California and was convicted and sent to prison for six months.

43. Eviction of black sharecroppers, Missouri, 1939

44. Primary Accounts – The Life of Tenant Farmers Life for African-American tenant farmers and sharecroppers in the rural South was very hard. It got even harder during the Depression years. Here are some of the stories tenant farmers told to Charles Johnson, a black scholar and university professor.

45. The Life of Tenant Farmers If it wasn’t the boll weevil, it was the drought; if it wasn’t the drought, it was the rains…One thing, we ain’t got proper tools we ought to have. If you git any good land you have to buy things to make it good, and that takes lots of money, and if we had money to buy these things we wouldn’t be so hard up. Ain’t make nothing, don’t speck nothing no more till I die.

46. The Life of Tenant Farmers (cont’d) I know we been beat out of money direct and indirect. You see, they got a chance to do it all right, ‘cause they can overcharge us and I know it’s being done. I made three bales again last year. He said I owed $400 the beginning of the year. Now you can’t dispute his word. When I said ‘Suh?’ he said ‘Don’t you dispute my word; the book says so.’…You better take to the brushes too if you dispute him, for he will string you up for that. I just have to take what they say, ‘cause I don’t want to go to the mines [prison labor] and I do want to live.

47. The Life of Tenant Farmers (cont’d) I tried keeping books one year, and the man kept worrying me about it, saying his books was the one he went by anyhow…They got you ‘cause you have to carry your cotton to his mill to gin and you better not carry your cotton nowhere else. I don’t care how good your cotton is, a colored man’s cotton is always second-or-third- grade cotton if a colored man sells it. The only way you can get first prices for it is to get some white man to sell it for you in his name…See, when a fella’s got a gun in your face you gotter take low or die.

48. Dorothea Lange Lange was a photographer during the Great Depression. –Her pictures showed the nation the realities of the Depression by capturing the faces of suffering Americans. Showed the world the desperation and bravery of whole families reduced to picking peas in the sun and sleeping in cars or makeshift shelters. –Her pictures captured the public’s attention and helped win aid for the workers.

52. Impact on Health Unemployment and fear of losing a job caused great anxiety. People became more depressed. Many considered suicide, and some took their own lives. Without food or shelter, many got easily sick. –Children suffered long-term effects of poor diet and inadequate medical supplies.

53. Stresses on Families Families moved in with one another; made for crowded living conditions. Divorce rate dropped because people couldn’t afford separate households. Men felt like failures and were ashamed because they couldn’t provide for their family. Women were worried about feeding their children. Working women were accused of taking jobs away from men. Married women were fired from their jobs so men could work.

54. Discrimination Increases Different groups were in competition with one another for the few jobs available. White laborers began to demand low-paying jobs typically filled by minorities. Black unemployment increased. –Relief programs discriminated against African-Am. –They had to rely on churches and other organizations for help. Latinos and Asian-Am. lost their jobs and some were deported, even those born in the U.S.

55. Discrimination Increases (cont’d) In the South, blacks were denied work, civil rights (such as education, voting, health care, and a fair trial), and lynchings increased. Scottsboro Case – 9 black teens riding the train were arrested and accused of raping 2 white women on the train. –The boys were denied the chance to hire an attorney. –8 of the 9 were quickly convicted by an all-white jury and sentenced to die. –The convictions were later overturned.

57. Stories of Survival Americans would tell their grandchildren how they survived the Depression. Some common characteristics of their stories: –Little money –Grew own food –Helped one another –Everyone in the family worked

58. Reading Qs – Great Depression “A Struggle to Survive”

59. Graphic Organizer – Great Crash Affects Millions

60. Directions: The stock market crash of 1929 affected millions of people in the United States and around the world. It is your job as a reporter to inform the nation how the stock market crash is affecting everyone. Create a timeline of events (pg. 379, 383). –Write the date, brief explanation of the events, and draw a small symbol. –Your symbol must be neat and colored. In the squares below, –explain how the stock market crash affected each group, and –draw a picture for each square that best represents this information. –Your pictures must be neat and colored.

61. Chart – Impact on Other Groups

62. Graphic Organizer – Causes & Effects of the Great Depression