1. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 13 – The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100$100$100 $200 $300 $400 $500 For Every Action… Action and Reaction Make a Note of This Cord Lack of Communication Are You Nervous? FINAL ROUND

2. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. What is the minimum number of neurons in a reflex arc? a. 1 b. 2 c. 5 d. 7 Topic 1: For Every Action… $100 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

3. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. What is the minimum number of neurons in a reflex arc? a. 1 b. 2 c. 5 d. 7 Topic 1: For Every Action… $100 Answer BACK TO GAME

4. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of these is NOT an important factor concerning reflexes? a. They are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli. b. They preserve homeostasis by making rapid adjustments in the functions of organs. c. They oppose potentially harmful changes in the internal or external environment. d. They involve interaction with the cerebrum. Topic 1: For Every Action… $200 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

5. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of these is NOT an important factor concerning reflexes? a. They are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli. b. They preserve homeostasis by making rapid adjustments in the functions of organs. c. They oppose potentially harmful changes in the internal or external environment. d. They involve interaction with the cerebrum. Topic 1: For Every Action… $200 Answer BACK TO GAME

6. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. One of the first somatic reflexes to develop is the suckling reflex. Which type of reflex is this? a. inherent reflex b. acquired reflex c. innate reflex d. visceral reflex Topic 1: For Every Action… $300 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

7. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. One of the first somatic reflexes to develop is the suckling reflex. Which type of reflex is this? a. inherent reflex b. acquired reflex c. innate reflex d. visceral reflex Topic 1: For Every Action… $300 Answer BACK TO GAME

8. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Polysynaptic reflexes include all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: a. involve pools of interneurons b. interneuron pools are contained within one spinal segment c. have reverberating circuits d. involve reciprocal inhibition Topic 1: For Every Action… $400 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

9. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Polysynaptic reflexes include all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: a. involve pools of interneurons b. interneuron pools are contained within one spinal segment c. have reverberating circuits d. involve reciprocal inhibition Topic 1: For Every Action… $400 Answer BACK TO GAME

10. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. What is reinforcement as it pertains to spinal reflexes? a. allows brief periods of rest between sets of stimuli b. a chronic depression in spinal reflexes due to IPSPs c. an enhancement of spinal reflexes due to postsynaptic neurons entering a state of facilitation d. strengthening of both the crossed extensor reflex and reciprocal inhibition Topic 1: For Every Action… $500 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

11. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. What is reinforcement as it pertains to spinal reflexes? a. allows brief periods of rest between sets of stimuli b. a chronic depression in spinal reflexes due to IPSPs c. an enhancement of spinal reflexes due to postsynaptic neurons entering a state of facilitation d. strengthening of both the crossed extensor reflex and reciprocal inhibition Topic 1: For Every Action… $500 Answer BACK TO GAME

12. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. You’ve just touched a hot stove. What type of reflex did you experience? In what way was your brain involved in the reflex? a. cranial; the somatosensory cortex b. visceral; only tracts that respond to pain c. complex; all the sensory tracts d. spinal; it was advised later Topic 2: Action and Reaction $100 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

13. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. You’ve just touched a hot stove. What type of reflex did you experience? In what way was your brain involved in the reflex? a. cranial; the somatosensory cortex b. visceral; only tracts that respond to pain c. complex; all the sensory tracts d. spinal; it was advised later Topic 2: Action and Reaction $100 Answer BACK TO GAME

14. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. A weight lifter is straining to lift a 200-kg barbell. Shortly after he lifts it to chest height, his muscles appear to relax and he drops the barbell. Which reflex has occurred? a. withdrawal reflex b. stretch reflex c. crossed extensor reflex d. tendon reflex Topic 2: Action and Reaction $200 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

15. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. A weight lifter is straining to lift a 200-kg barbell. Shortly after he lifts it to chest height, his muscles appear to relax and he drops the barbell. Which reflex has occurred? a. withdrawal reflex b. stretch reflex c. crossed extensor reflex d. tendon reflex Topic 2: Action and Reaction $200 Answer BACK TO GAME

16. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. During a withdrawal reflex, the limb on the side opposite the stimulus _______. This response is called a _______. a. flexes; stretch reflex b. adducts; tendon reflex c. extends; crossed extensor reflex d. abducts; tendon reflex Topic 2: Action and Reaction $300 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

17. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. During a withdrawal reflex, the limb on the side opposite the stimulus _______. This response is called a _______. a. flexes; stretch reflex b. adducts; tendon reflex c. extends; crossed extensor reflex d. abducts; tendon reflex Topic 2: Action and Reaction $300 Answer BACK TO GAME

18. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. In the stretch reflex the receptor stimulated is called a _______. The effector is the _______ muscle. a. Golgi tendon; same b. muscle spindle; same c. Golgi tendon; opposite d. muscle spindle; opposite Topic 2: Action and Reaction $400 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

19. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. In the stretch reflex the receptor stimulated is called a _______. The effector is the _______ muscle. a. Golgi tendon; same b. muscle spindle; same c. Golgi tendon; opposite d. muscle spindle; opposite Topic 2: Action and Reaction $400 Answer BACK TO GAME

20. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Reflex responses usually remove or oppose the stimulus. Therefore, this type of reflexive response would be considered an example of ______. a. a visceral reflex b. negative feedback c. a reverberation circuit d. avoidance feedback Topic 2: Action and Reaction $500 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

21. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Reflex responses usually remove or oppose the stimulus. Therefore, this type of reflexive response would be considered an example of ______. a. a visceral reflex b. negative feedback c. a reverberation circuit d. avoidance feedback Topic 2: Action and Reaction $500 Answer BACK TO GAME

22. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Into which structure would spinal anesthesia be administered? a. dura mater b. arachnoid mater c. subarachnoid space d. epidural space Topic 3: Make a Note of This Cord $100 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

23. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Into which structure would spinal anesthesia be administered? a. dura mater b. arachnoid mater c. subarachnoid space d. epidural space Topic 3: Make a Note of This Cord $100 Answer BACK TO GAME

24. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Where is the cerebrospinal fluid of the spinal cord located? a. central canal b. subarachnoid space c. above the dura mater d. both A and B Topic 3: Make a Note of This Cord $200 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

25. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Where is the cerebrospinal fluid of the spinal cord located? a. central canal b. subarachnoid space c. above the dura mater d. both A and B Topic 3: Make a Note of This Cord $200 Answer BACK TO GAME

26. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of following is TRUE concerning the spinal cord? a. The filum terminale is the end of the spinal cord and stabilizes the cord. b. The conus medullaris is a strand of fibrous tissue that helps support the spinal cord. c. The spinal cord of an adult ends between L 1 and L 2. d. The amount of gray matter in the spinal cord is the least at the cervical and lumbar enlargements. Topic 3: Make a Note of This Cord $300 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

27. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of following is TRUE concerning the spinal cord? a. The filum terminale is the end of the spinal cord and stabilizes the cord. b. The conus medullaris is a strand of fibrous tissue that helps support the spinal cord. c. The spinal cord of an adult ends between L 1 and L 2. d. The amount of gray matter in the spinal cord is the least at the cervical and lumbar enlargements. Topic 3: Make a Note of This Cord $300 Answer BACK TO GAME

28. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. A person with polio has lost the use of his leg muscles. In which area of his spinal cord would you expect the virus-infected motor neurons to be? a. anterior gray horns b. lateral gray horns c. posterior gray commissure d. anterior gray commissure Topic 3: Make a Note of This Cord $400 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

29. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. A person with polio has lost the use of his leg muscles. In which area of his spinal cord would you expect the virus-infected motor neurons to be? a. anterior gray horns b. lateral gray horns c. posterior gray commissure d. anterior gray commissure Topic 3: Make a Note of This Cord $400 Answer BACK TO GAME

30. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Which portion of the spinal cord would be affected by a disease that damages myelin sheaths? a. sulci b. columns c. gray horns d. fissures Topic 3: Make a Note of This Cord $500 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

31. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Which portion of the spinal cord would be affected by a disease that damages myelin sheaths? a. sulci b. columns c. gray horns d. fissures Topic 3: Make a Note of This Cord $500 Answer BACK TO GAME

32. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. A patient has damage to several spinal nerves. Which of the major divisions of the nervous system has been damaged? a. central nervous system b. peripheral nervous system c. autonomic nervous system d. all of the above Topic 4: Lack of Communication $100 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

33. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. A patient has damage to several spinal nerves. Which of the major divisions of the nervous system has been damaged? a. central nervous system b. peripheral nervous system c. autonomic nervous system d. all of the above Topic 4: Lack of Communication $100 Answer BACK TO GAME

34. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. When a person always leans their head on their hand in order to stay awake in class, this can put pressure on the elbow and damage the _______. a. ulnar nerve b. median nerve c. radial nerve d. musculocutaneous nerve Topic 4: Lack of Communication $200 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

35. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. When a person always leans their head on their hand in order to stay awake in class, this can put pressure on the elbow and damage the _______. a. ulnar nerve b. median nerve c. radial nerve d. musculocutaneous nerve Topic 4: Lack of Communication $200 Answer BACK TO GAME

36. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Compression of which nerve bothers older people on long car rides? a. sural nerve b. sciatic nerve c. femoral nerve d. tibial nerve Topic 4: Lack of Communication $300 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

37. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Compression of which nerve bothers older people on long car rides? a. sural nerve b. sciatic nerve c. femoral nerve d. tibial nerve Topic 4: Lack of Communication $300 Answer BACK TO GAME

38. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Damage to the long thoracic nerve would cause paralysis to which muscle(s)? a. deltoid and teres minor muscles b. rhomboid and levator scapulae muscles c. latissimus dorsi muscle d. serratus anterior muscle Topic 4: Lack of Communication $400 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

39. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Damage to the long thoracic nerve would cause paralysis to which muscle(s)? a. deltoid and teres minor muscles b. rhomboid and levator scapulae muscles c. latissimus dorsi muscle d. serratus anterior muscle Topic 4: Lack of Communication $400 Answer BACK TO GAME

40. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Someone with paralysis of the anterior thigh muscle would have damage at which spinal segments? a. L 4 –S 4 b. T 12 –L 1 c. L 2 –L 4 d. L 4 –S 2 Topic 4: Lack of Communication $500 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

41. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Someone with paralysis of the anterior thigh muscle would have damage at which spinal segments? a. L 4 –S 4 b. T 12 –L 1 c. L 2 –L 4 d. L 4 –S 2 Topic 4: Lack of Communication $500 Answer BACK TO GAME

42. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Spinal nerves are classified as “mixed” nerves because: a. they contain both afferent and efferent fibers. b. they contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons that travel the dorsal and ventral ramus. c. they carry mixed or conflicting information. d. axons of the ventral root carry sensory information to the spinal cord and axons of the dorsal root control somatic and visceral effectors. Topic 5: Are You Nervous? $100 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

43. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Spinal nerves are classified as “mixed” nerves because: a. they contain both afferent and efferent fibers. b. they contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons that travel the dorsal and ventral ramus. c. they carry mixed or conflicting information. d. axons of the ventral root carry sensory information to the spinal cord and axons of the dorsal root control somatic and visceral effectors. Topic 5: Are You Nervous? $100 Answer BACK TO GAME

44. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. What is the clinical significance of dermatomes? a. Damage to descending tracts will be reflected in the dermatomes. b. Location of affected dermatomes provides clues to location of injury along the spinal cord. c. Damage to a corresponding spinal nerve will produce loss of sensation to the region of skin supplied by a dermatome. d. B and C are correct. Topic 5: Are You Nervous? $200 Question ANSWER BACK TO GAME

45. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. What is the clinical significance of dermatomes? a. Damage to descending tracts will be reflected in the dermatomes. b. Location of affected dermatomes provides clues to location of injury along the spinal cord. c. Damage to a corresponding spinal nerve will produce loss of sensation to the region of skin supplied by a dermatome. d. B and C are correct. Topic 5: Are You Nervous? $200 Answer BACK TO GAME

46. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Injury to the _______ plexus would interfere with the ability to breathe. The ______ nerve is the major nerve of this plexus. a. brachial; long thoracic b. cervical; phrenic c. cervical; long thoracic d. brachial; pectoral Topic 5: Are You Nervous? $300 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

47. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Injury to the _______ plexus would interfere with the ability to breathe. The ______ nerve is the major nerve of this plexus. a. brachial; long thoracic b. cervical; phrenic c. cervical; long thoracic d. brachial; pectoral Topic 5: Are You Nervous? $300 Answer BACK TO GAME

48. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. An anesthetic blocks the function of the dorsal rami of the cervical spinal nerves. Which areas of the body will be affected? a. skin and muscles of the back of the neck b. skin and muscles of the shoulders c. both A and B d. none of the above Topic 5: Are You Nervous? $400 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

49. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. An anesthetic blocks the function of the dorsal rami of the cervical spinal nerves. Which areas of the body will be affected? a. skin and muscles of the back of the neck b. skin and muscles of the shoulders c. both A and B d. none of the above Topic 5: Are You Nervous? $400 Answer BACK TO GAME

50. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. After injuring her back, 18-year-old Tina exhibits a positive Babinski reflex. What does this imply about Tina’s injury? a. possible paraplegia b. possible damage of sensory tracts to foot c. possible damage of ascending tracts in spinal cord d. possible damage of descending tracts in the spinal cord Topic 5: Are You Nervous? $500 Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

51. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. After injuring her back, 18-year-old Tina exhibits a positive Babinski reflex. What does this imply about Tina’s injury? a. possible paraplegia b. possible damage of sensory tracts to foot c. possible damage of ascending tracts in spinal cord d. possible damage of descending tracts in the spinal cord Topic 5: Are You Nervous? $500 Answer BACK TO GAME

52. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Which term refers to when a postsynaptic neuron’s axon collateral stimulates the presynaptic neuron? a. parallel processing b. convergence c. divergence d. reverberation FINAL ROUND Question BACK TO GAME ANSWER

53. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Which term refers to when a postsynaptic neuron’s axon collateral stimulates the presynaptic neuron? a. parallel processing b. convergence c. divergence d. reverberation FINAL ROUND Answer BACK TO GAME