1. Tuesday, February 4th Have a seat and get ready for class. Reminder: Your C/C summative is due by 3PM today.

2. Project… 2 people with whom you would like to work OR Individual

3. Originally started in Italy in the 13 th Century The word “sonnet” means little song There are two kinds: Petrarchan and Shakespearean – Shakespearean sonnets are written in iambic pentameter (a term for measurement), but the Petrarchan sonnet was not. William Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets History of the sonnet

4. 14 lines Each line consists of 10 syllables – Shakespeare would add or take away a syllable to make the word fit altering the pronunciation of the word; sometimes he would add an 11 th syllable, breaking the rule Every other syllable in the line is stressed to give it a rhythm that sounds like da-DUM, da-DUM Written in iambic pentameter (a term for a measurement) Broken into 3 quatrains – A quatrain is a group of 4 lines The last 2 lines are called a couplet. These two lines rhyme Rhyme scheme for a Shakespearean sonnet: abab, cdcd, efef, gg Components of a sonnet

5. In a sonnet, two related but differing things are shown to the reader in order to communicate an idea about them Relationships – Range of emotions about love. How great love can be, how bad love can be, and everything in between! In his sonnets he uses vivid imagery, similes, metaphors etc. to convey his message about love and relationships Since he is telling a story in each sonnet, he employed the use of a Volta – Volta: a turn or twist In Shakespeare’s sonnets, there would be a turn/twist in the middle (lines 8 or 9) or at the couplet (the last 2 lines) that would create the tension of ideas; it acts as a surprise ending Ideas in Shakespeare’s sonnets

6. Quick Check: Label the sonnet components on this example! The Quatrains The Couplet The Volta The Rhyme Scheme

7. Let’s check to make sure we have the same sonnet components on this example!

9. Quatrain 1 (lines 1-4)

11. Quatrain 2 (lines 5-8)

12. Quatrain 1 (lines 1-4) Quatrain 2 (lines 5-8)

13. Quatrain 1 (lines 1-4) Quatrain 2 (lines 5-8) Quatrain 3 (lines 9-12)

14. Quatrain 1 (lines 1-4) Quatrain 2 (lines 5-8) Quatrain 3 (lines 9-12)

15. Quatrain 1 (lines 1-4) Quatrain 2 (lines 5-8) Quatrain 3 (lines 9-12) Couplet (lines 13-14)

16. Quatrain 1 (lines 1-4) Quatrain 2 (lines 5-8) Quatrain 3 (lines 9-12) Couplet (lines 13-14)

17. Quatrain 1 (lines 1-4) Quatrain 2 (lines 5-8) Quatrain 3 (lines 9-12) Couplet (lines 13-14) Volta-look for transition words such as: but, therefore, however, yet, or, so. These words are a good place to start.

18. Let’s label the rhyme scheme for this example!

19. (sun) (red) (dun) (head) Quatrain 1 (lines 1-4) Quatrain 2 (lines 5-8) Quatrain 3 (lines 9-12) Couplet (lines 13-14) Volta-look for transition words such as: but, therefore, however, yet, or, so. These words are a good place to start.

20. A (sun) B (red) A (dun) B (head) Quatrain 1 (lines 1-4) Quatrain 2 (lines 5-8) Quatrain 3 (lines 9-12) Couplet (lines 13-14) Volta-look for transition words such as: but, therefore, however, yet, or, so. These words are a good place to start.

21. A (sun) B (red) A (dun) B (head) C (white) D (cheeks) C (delight) D (reeks) E (know) F (sound) E (go) F (ground) G (rare) G (compare) Quatrain 1 (lines 1-4) Quatrain 2 (lines 5-8) Quatrain 3 (lines 9-12) Couplet (lines 13-14) Volta-look for transition words such as: but, therefore, however, yet, or, so. These words are a good place to start.

22. What’s the next step? Explication! Explication is defined by Dictionary.com as an “analysis or interpretation, especially of a literary passage or work or philosophical doctrine.” Think of it as exploring a work of literature to better understand what is written. Just like you would use a map to navigate around an unfamiliar city to see its tourist attractions, restaurants, and architecture, so too will you use explication to navigate Shakespeare’s plays to better understand his characters, message, and themes.

23. How do you explicate? To be successful, please follow the steps on the following slides. It is important not to short change any of the steps. In other words, don’t slack off and/or skip any of the steps!

24. Explication Steps: 1. Read passage.  What are your initial impressions? What do you think the speaker is saying? 2. Divide the passage into phrases/complete sentences. 3. Look up words you don’t know and even words you think you know.  Words have different connotative (implied meanings) and denotative (dictionary definitions) meanings.  Words you do know can be used differently. And, of course, you need to look up words you do not know.  Write clear definitions of these words.  Then, re-read the passage. 4. Underline the verbs.  Who is doing what? 5. Re-read the passage.  Are there any similes or metaphors? What elements are being connected? Are there any symbols? What is the tone? 6. Write the passage in your own words.

25. Let’s practice with another sonnet…

26. 1. Read passage several times. Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee. Start making notes about what you are seeing. Are there metaphors, do you have questions, do you know what all the words mean? Have something to write with; you are interacting with the text, not passively reading. What do you think it means overall?

27. 2. Divide into phrases/complete sentences Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee.

28. 3. Look up words I don’t know. Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee.

29. 4. Underline verbs. Who is doing what? Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee. Who is comparing? The speaker “I”. Who is lovely and more temperate? The person the speaker is talking to.

30. 5. Write in your own words Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee.

31. 4. Underline verbs. Who is doing what? Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee. Who is comparing? The speaker “I”. Who is lovely and more temperate? The person the speaker is talking to.

32. 5. Write in your own words Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee. A paraphrase is a line-by- line translation. It is the same length and level of detail as the original.