2. Kingdom Chiefdom Individual Band Family Tribe Distant relatives Blood relatives NOMADIC MERIT-BASED, SEMI-NOMADIC & TEMPORARY HEREDITARY, FIXED & PERMANENT POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Evolution

3. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Evolution

4. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Important terminologies – Part 1 State = country; clearly-defined borders; citizens; government; recognized by other states Nation = a group of people with shared traits like ethnicity, race, language, religion, shared history (usually tragic); amorphous boundaries; members Nation-state = a country encompassing a single or clearly dominant national group; European concept; ideal because citizenry is united Irredentism = the desire to include member of your nation who lie outside one’s borders Nationalism = the desire of a unified group of people to form their own state Secession = breaking away from one state to form a nation-state Nation without a state/stateless nation = a national group without a country of its own; divided by borders; minority status; most dangerous circumstance State without a nation/multinational state = a country with no dominant national group Centripetal forces = things that unite a state/nation-state Centrifugal forces = things that cause disunity within a state/nation-state

5. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Important terminologies – Part 2 Failed state = a country without a functioning government Political evolution = how a state/nation-state comes into being Political devolution = the process of a state/nation-state/empire falling apart Internal organization: Federal/confederated state = a state in which national/political groups are afforded some degree of autonomy; can be democracies, oligarchies, but usually not dictatorships Unitary state = a state in which authority is centralized and in which national/political groups are expected to be subservient to the greater whole; can be democracies, oligarchies, dictatorships Extranationalism: Empire/imperialism = a collection of nations held together by some kind of positive unifying ideal or conquered nations/states held together by force; contiguous or global; collapse causes greatest political turmoil Colony/colonialism = a dependent territory ruled by a larger power Mandate territory = control of foreign lands determined by treaty

6. Stop here! This is the limit from the political geography lecture for which you are responsible for the Final Exam Fall 2015

7. The Long and Difficult Historical Geography of the Evolution of the German Nation-State

8. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Evolution Franks

9. D. Hardin Aachen, Germany Charlemagne CE 747-814 Clovis CE 496 Reims Charles Martel Battle of Tours, 732 CE POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Germanic Migrations Franks

10. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Evolution Charlemagne’s Empire, CE 768-843 Treaty of Verdun, CE 843 1066 Normans

11. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Evolution Thirty Years War Peace of Westphalia, 1648

12. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Evolution Napoleonic Wars Congress of Vienna, 1815 Napoleon

13. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Evolution German unification, 1815-1871 Bismarck 1866 1871 1865

14. D. Hardin POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Devolution World War One reprisals Germany Treaty of Versailles, 1919

15. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Evolution Nazi Empire, 1933-1945

16. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Evolution Nazi Empire, 1933-1945 Irredentism

17. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Devolution World War Two reprisals German displacement, 1945-47

18. D. Hardin POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Devolution World War Two reprisals Divided Germany 1945-1990 Iron Curtain Berlin Wall

19. D. Hardin POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Devolution Reunification German nation-state 1990-present

20. D. Hardin POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Devolution – Collapse of Empires World War One reprisals Austro-Hungarian Empire Treaty of Trianon, 1920

21. D. Hardin POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY World War One reprisals Austro-Hungarian Empire Treaty of Trianon, 1920 Devolution – Collapse of Empires

22. D. Hardin POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Post-Cold War 1991-present Devolution – Collapse of Empires

23. Adriatic Sea SLOVENIA CROATIA BOSNIA- HERZEGOVINA YUGOSLAVIA (SERBIA) MACEDONIA ALBANIA Montenegro Kosovo Vojvodina Ljubljana Zagreb Sarajevo Belgrade Skopje GREECE ITALY ROMANIA HUNGARY BULGARIA AUSTRIA Drava Sava Danube Lines of Division in the Former Yugoslavia AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE OTTOMAN EMPIRE (Arabic) ROMAN CATHOLIC (Latin) EASTERN ORTHODOX (Cyrillic) POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Former Yugoslavia Devolution – Collapse of Empires

24. D. Hardin POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Yugoslavia Devolution – Collapse of Empires

25. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Supranationalism European Union D. Hardin