1. CHALLENGES TO THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA 1820s: Revolts in Poland, Belgium, Greece, Italy…all UNSUCCESSFUL Another French Revolution??? YES. 1830s – France erupts in Revolution AGAIN.

2. Essential Questions to answer in this lecture How was the French Revolution of 1830 a challenge to conservatives and the CoV? What –isms were in conflict in this revolution?

3. France: The “Restoration” Era (1815-1830) Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)

4. King Charles X of France (r. 1824-1830) King Charles X of France (r. 1824-1830)

5. To the Barricades  Revolution, Again!! To the Barricades  Revolution, Again!! Workers, students and some of the middle class call for a Republic!

6. Louis Philippe  The “Citizen King” (r. 1830-1848)

7. CONGRESS OF VIENNA 1815 RESPONSE TO CONGRESS OF VIENNA 1820s – revolts – unsuccessful (except Greece) Greece, German States, Russia (Decembrists), Spain, Italian States Independence of Latin American colonies from Spain/Portugal 1830 – France: the French get rid of Charles X and crown Louis Phillipe the “liberal King” Belgian indedpendence, Polish uprising (crushed by Russia) 1848 – LOTS of revolutions: the biggies: France, German States, Austria

8. 1848 in Europe – the big earthquake France sneezes and Europe catches a cold

9. Shortly after the 1830 Revolution in France, French writer Victor Hugo wrote that he yet again heard "the dull sound of revolution, still deep down in the earth, pushing out under every kingdom in Europe." The center of this underground activity was in Paris, and in 1848 that "subterranean" sound that Hugo heard exploded above ground in France and then in nearly every part of Europe.

10. Essential Questions for 1848 How are these revolutions the same? How are they different? (see Ms. Greenberg’s excellent cartoon) What –isms are in conflict in these revolutions? Are they successful challenges to the CoV?

11. Immediate Causes: The Hungry Forties

12. CASE STUDY #1: FRANCE Again???? YES.

13. The February Revolution

14. February 1848

15. Alphonse Lamartine & Louis Blanc Liberals vs. Socialists

16. Socialist Experiment: French Workshops

17. June Days: To the Barricades Again!

18. Next in Line? Yes….another Napoleon

19. CASE STUDY #2: AUSTRIA

20. Hungarian Nationalism and liberal rev in Vienna Louis Kossuth Magyar Nationalist

21. Prague Uprisings of 1848: Pan-Slavic Conference The Prague Barricades

22. Prussia Frederick William IV 1840-1861

23. Frankfurt Assembly Meets

24. 1849 Frederick William Declines the “German Crown”

25. Italian Uprisings: 1848 “ O Brother Love Your Country, Our Country is OUR Home ” Guisseppe Mazzini & The Risorgimento https://www.you tube.com/watch ?v=9SjTNUJgrq Y

26. The Aftermath: Democrats Swept Out of Europe