1. Mr. King Central Cabarrus HS

2. Chapter 7 Section 1

4. Changes in Manufacturing p 1793 Eli Whitney invents cotton gin p 1801 Eli Whitney pioneers use of interchangeable parts - identical pieces used to used to assemble products p Factory system: power driven machinery; workers with different tasks p Mass production is production of goods in large quantities p Industrial Revolution: social and economic reorganization - The Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812 forced the United States to invest in domestic industries United States to invest in domestic industries - machines replace hand tools - leads to large scale factory production

5. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1793 Actually invented by a slave!

6. Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory Interchangeable Parts Rifle

7. Oliver Evans First prototype of the locomotive First automated flour mill

8. John Deere & the Steel Plow (1837)

9. Cyrus McCormick & the Mechanical Reaper: 1831

10. Samuel F. B. Morse 1840 – Telegraph

11. Cyrus Field & the Transatlantic Cable, 1858

12. Charles Goodyear Vulcanized Rubber Year: 1839 Made working with rubber easier (sticking when hot and hard when cold) Removed sulfur and then heated so it would retained its elasticity

13. Elias Howe & Isaac Singer 1840s Sewing Machine

15. New England Industrializes p Samuel Slater builds first thread factory in Pawtucket, RI (1793) p Lowell, Appleton, and Jackson mechanize all phases of cloth making (1813) - built weaving factories in Waltham, MA and Lowell, MA - thousands, mostly young women, leave family farms to work in factories - Lowell becomes booming manufacturing center

16. Samuel Slater (“Father of the Factory System”)

17. The Lowell/Waltham System: First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814

18. Lowell in 1850

19. New England Textile Centers: 1830s

20. New England Dominance in Textiles

21. American Population Centers in 1820

22. American Population Centers in 1860

23. National Origin of Immigrants: 1820 - 1860 Why now?

25. Regional Specialization EAST  Industrial SOUTH  Cotton & Slavery WEST  The Nation’s “Breadbasket”

26. Two Economic Systems Develop p Cash crops do not grow well in the North and farms are much smaller than in the South p Northern slavery dying out by late 1700s p Cotton becomes king in the South (due to Eli Whitney) p Great demand for cotton in Europe p Slavery becomes entrenched p Plantation system established in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and much of the South

27. Uniting the Nation’s Economic Interests p House Speaker Henry Clay proposes plan as the American System - North produces manufactured goods - South and West produce food and cotton - National currency and bank facilitate trade - National currency and bank facilitate trade - Tariff protects American goods - America improves its transportation system

28. 1790 First Turnpike: Lancaster, PA By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities.

29. 1811: The National Road

30. Erie Canal System

31. Robert Fulton & the Steamboat 1807: The Clermont

32. The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830) 1830  13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RR By 1850  9000 mi. of RR track [1860  31,000 mi.]

33. The Railroad Revolution, 1850s p Immigrant labor built the No. RRs. p Slave labor built the So. RRs.

34. Chapter 7 Section 2

36. Strengthening Government Economic Control p Gibbons v. Ogden: Federal government controls interstate commerce - Ogden felt that only he had the right to run a steamboat on the Hudson River - Ogden felt that only he had the right to run a steamboat on the Hudson River p McCulloch v. Maryland: States cannot overturn laws passed by Congress - Maryland taxes local branch of Bank of U.S. - John Marshall declares this unconstitutional: “The power to tax is the power to destroy”

37. Nationalism Pushes America West US Population 1800 US Population 1820

38. Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy p Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, guided by nationalism - makes treaties on Great Lakes, borders, and territories (49 th parallel established by Convention of 1818)

39. Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy p Spain gives up Florida and claims to Oregon Territory in Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819

40. Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy p Monroe Doctrine (1823) warns Europe not to interfere in the Americas - U.S. will not interfere in Europe

41. Nationalism Pushes America West p Missouri Compromise - When a territory’s population reaches 60,000, the area may apply for statehood - A compromise was reached to preserve the balance between free and slave states - Maine admitted to Union as a free state, Missouri came in as a slave state - Louisiana Territory divided at 36 o 30’ line - Slavery legal south of this line

42. Nationalism Pushes America West The Compromise of 1820: