1. Unit 3 Chapter 7: Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism Common Final Terms Unit Essays Rohr/ Iverson Common Essay

2. Regional Economics Create Differences (7.1) Eli Whitney inventor of the first musket that used inter changeable parts. Another Revolution effects America – Industrial Revolution: machines replace hand tools and large-scale factory production developed. Mass production: production of goods in large quantities First began in Great Britian coal and steam used to develop power-driven machinery.. In the U.S. Embargo Act of 1807 and war of 1812 lead to the development of domestic industries. – New England develops textile (cloth) industries

3. Regional Economics Create Differences (7.1) Two Economic Systems Develop – Agriculture in the North: easy crops to care and grow needing little workers (cattle/ corn) – Cotton in the South Cotton Gin (short staple or short fiber cotton) developed by Eli Whitney. Poor, nonslave holding farmers quickly grew. Wealthy, slave holding farmers follow soon after. – Slavery Becomes Entrenched Increases in need for cotton to be sold to textiles create influx of slaves in south went from 700,000 to 1,200,000.

4. Regional Economics Create Differences (7.1) Clay Proposes the American System. – President Madison’s attempt to unify the Economics/country from North to south Transportation systems, etc. Protective tarriff Resurrecting the national bank Henry Clay supported it, “American System” – Each area of U.S. would develop products needed used by the other creating a self sufficient nation. – Erie canal and other internal improvements: building Highways, railroads, canals. Erie Canal – “Big Ditch” 8 yrs to dig. Linked the Hudson River to Lake Erie connecting the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes – Tarriffs and the National Bank: Tarriffs on imports place prices higher then domestic goods. Making $ earned on domestic goods more profitable = better internal improvements for the country.

5. Nationalism at Center Stage (7.2) Supreme Ct. Boosts National Power – Gibbons V. Ogden = Fed government has the power to regulate what crosses state lines. – McCulloch V. Maryland = States cannot leavy taxes against Federal programs (Bank of Am.) – Fletcher V. Peck = nullified Georgia law that violated indiv. Rights to enter contracts – Dartmouth College V. Woodward = State (N.H.) could not revise the charter promised the college trustees. Charter = Contract.

6. Nationalism at Center Stage (7.2) Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy – John Quincy Adams Secretary of State established foreign Policy guided by Nationalism. Territory and boundaries were expanded by Adams: Rush- Bagot Treaty = demilitarize common border of U.S. and Canada at Great Lakes & 49 th parallel = border to U.S. & Adams-Onis Treaty = Spain give Florida to U.S. & gives up claim on Oregon Territory. – Monroe Doctrine = other countries should not attempt to make new colonies/interfere in Western Hemisphere affairs. U.S. will stay out of European affairs/colonies in the Western Hemisphere.

7. Nationalism at Center Stage (7.2) Nationalism Pushes Am. West – The Missouri Compromise – Developed under Henry Clay’s leadership Maine admitted as a free state, Missouri as a slave state keeping balance in the Senate. The dividing line was set at 36° 30’ north latitude = south of the line slavery legal, north of the line (except in Missouri) slavery banned.

8. The Age of Jackson (7.3) Expanding Democracy changes Politics – Tensions between John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson Election of 1824 Jackson won popular vote but Adams was made president because Henry Clay who had the power to swing the vote swung it in Adam’s favor. Jacksonians leave Republican party and create Democratic-Republican Party (Today’s Democrats). Election of 1828 Jackson won due to Adam’s relaxation of voter requirements (land ownership)

9. The Age of Jackson (7.3) Jackson’s new presidential Style – Jackson’s appeal to the common citizen Although wealthy plantation owner he portrayed self as having humble origins Spoils System Jackson fires nearly 10% of federal employees appointed by Adams and hires his own friends/Loyal Jacksonians Removal of Native Americans – Indian Removal Act of 1830 – Assimilation will not work, letting them stay too costly to protect, make them move westward! – Cherokee fight back – Appeal to Supreme Ct. Worcester V. Georgia they won recognition that Georgia was not entitled to regulate them and invade their lands. Jackson ignored ruling! – Trail of Tears – 800 mile journey sending Cherokee in groups of 1,000 to the west.

10. States’ Rights and the National Bank (7.4) A Tarriff Raises the State Rights Issue – John C. Calhoun Jackson’s V.P. called the 1828 tarriff an abomination forcing the South to buy expensive Northern products while reducing access to British goods. – Robert Hayne and Daniel Webster debate states Rights regarding Tarriffs. Webster alludes to rebellion. – South Carolina Rebels new Tarriff void (Calhoun). Jackson gets congress to pass Force Bill allowing him to use army against state if they do not pay their duties. Henry Clay the Great Compromiser steps in works out a deal.

11. States’ Rights and the National Bank (7.4) Jackson attacks the National Bank – States the Bank of U.S. (BUS) is a privileged institution corrupting senators. – PET Banks – state banks that took on government funds by passing the BUS. Nicholas Biddle tries to save BUS gets them to call in the loans. – Whig Party Forms: Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams, Daniel Webser Back American System ideals

12. States’ Rights and the National Bank (7.4) Van Buren Deals with Jackson’s Legacy – Pet Banks fail because they don’t have the $, gold, silver on hand to back the bank notes they wrote. – William Henry Harrison and John Tyler Whig party candidates win election over Van Buren. Harrison dies 1 month after Inauguration of pneumonia, Tyler takes over. Whigs refer to him as “His Accidency.”