1. Congress of Vienna (Sept. 1814 – June 1815) Held in Vienna, Austria and hosted by Emperor Francis I of Austria “There is always an alternative to conflict”

2. Why C of V? Let’s Review the Facts! Napoleon & France had dominated Europe Napoleon & France had dominated Europe March 1814 allies (Russ, Pruss, Aust, GB, Spain, Italy) force Nap I to surrender March 1814 allies (Russ, Pruss, Aust, GB, Spain, Italy) force Nap I to surrender Result of battles in Moscow & Leipzig Result of battles in Moscow & Leipzig Nap I abdicates by force, sent to Elba Nap I abdicates by force, sent to Elba Louis XVIII restores Bourbon throne Louis XVIII restores Bourbon throne French boundaries begun to be reduced French boundaries begun to be reduced March 1815 he’s baaack!!! March 1815 he’s baaack!!!

3. Why C of V? Cont… Nap I regains throne, troops leave Louis XVIII to support Nap I Nap I regains throne, troops leave Louis XVIII to support Nap I 100 Days; allies fear his reconquest 100 Days; allies fear his reconquest Armies sent from GB, Netherlands, and Prussia to stop Nap I again Armies sent from GB, Netherlands, and Prussia to stop Nap I again Nap I stopped @ Waterloo (Netherlands) in June 1815 Nap I stopped @ Waterloo (Netherlands) in June 1815 Exiled 2 nd x to St. Helena (far away) Exiled 2 nd x to St. Helena (far away)

4. The Playa’s http://www.cards4magic.co.uk/images/cards.jpg

5. The Playa’s? Actual leader of meetings was Prince Klemens von Metternich (Austria) Actual leader of meetings was Prince Klemens von Metternich (Austria) Work begun while Nap I in 1st exile. Work begun while Nap I in 1st exile. Most work done by 4 nations: Most work done by 4 nations: Austria- Metternich Austria- Metternich Great Britain- Lord Robert Castlereagh Great Britain- Lord Robert Castlereagh Prussia- Pr. Karl August von Hardenberg Prussia- Pr. Karl August von Hardenberg Russia- Czar Alexander I Russia- Czar Alexander I France joined late- Pr. Maurice Talleyrand France joined late- Pr. Maurice Talleyrand

6. Congress of Vienna Officials http://www.vienna-life.com/media/pics/congress-of-vienna.jpg

7. What was the C of V’s focus? Congress mostly reactionaries (far right, favor no change & a return to past ways) Congress mostly reactionaries (far right, favor no change & a return to past ways) 700 diplomats, also a social event of sort 700 diplomats, also a social event of sort #1 Priority is to reorganize France & Europe #1 Priority is to reorganize France & Europe Ensure Europe = Monarchy, Nap I ousted Ensure Europe = Monarchy, Nap I ousted Other Priorities- They wanted to stop: Other Priorities- They wanted to stop: liberals (or liberalism) that encouraged revolution & freedom of religion, speech, etc liberals (or liberalism) that encouraged revolution & freedom of religion, speech, etc nationalism and ensure land was divided to the wishes of rulers, not the people (i.e.: Poland divided to Prussia, Russia, & Austria). nationalism and ensure land was divided to the wishes of rulers, not the people (i.e.: Poland divided to Prussia, Russia, & Austria). idea/threat of rev. (Carlsbad Decrees-1819) idea/threat of rev. (Carlsbad Decrees-1819)

8. 2 Legit 2 Qwit

9. 3 Goals Metternich used 3 Goals in reaching settlements with nations: Metternich used 3 Goals in reaching settlements with nations: Compensation-indemnity, repay nations expenses from war w/ France, by France Compensation-indemnity, repay nations expenses from war w/ France, by France Legitimacy-restore power to legitimate royal families in power before Napoleon Legitimacy-restore power to legitimate royal families in power before Napoleon Spain, Italy, & France’s rulers returned Spain, Italy, & France’s rulers returned Balance of Power-no country shall ever dominate Europe again (all =). BOP or the big Bopper! Balance of Power-no country shall ever dominate Europe again (all =). BOP or the big Bopper! http://ec1.images-amazon.com/images/G/01/ciu/82/a8/27fe024128a088dd0a726010._AA240_.L.jpg

10. “Land is, … what I got”. 3 Guiding Principles used to redraw Europe’s map. “Land is … compensation”. 3 Guiding Principles used to redraw Europe’s map. “Land is … compensation”. Austria- Lombardy & Venetia, German Confederation Austria- Lombardy & Venetia, German Confederation Great Britain- Fr. Islands in W. Indies, Malta (Med.) Great Britain- Fr. Islands in W. Indies, Malta (Med.) Prussia- Rhine river & Saxony Prussia- Rhine river & Saxony Russia- polish territory Russia- polish territory French territories reduced to 1790 borders French territories reduced to 1790 borders http://www.925thebear.com/articles/images/sublime.jpg

11. Full Court Press! To contain France, the C of V set up: Buffer states (neutral territories) were established around France Buffer states (neutral territories) were established around France Austrian Netherlands & Dutch Netherlands united under one Dutch ruler. Austrian Netherlands & Dutch Netherlands united under one Dutch ruler. 39 Independent German States (German Confederation) headed by Austria 39 Independent German States (German Confederation) headed by Austria Switzerland independent and neutral (always) Switzerland independent and neutral (always) Italy and Sardinia united Italy and Sardinia united http://www.illinoisloyalty.com/i/20070316/illinois- fighting-illini-virginia-tech-hokies-61.jpg

13. Europe 1815 http://websupport1.citytech.cuny.edu/Faculty/pcatapano/map-17-01-p706.jpg

14. Alliances Alliances were formed that encouraged nations to work together: Alliances were formed that encouraged nations to work together: Quadruple Alliance Quadruple Alliance Holy Alliance Holy Alliance Concert of Europe Concert of Europe Note: As a result of the Congress, there would not be another world war for 100yrs. Note: As a result of the Congress, there would not be another world war for 100yrs. http://www.acrodex.com/upload/files/images/Partnerships(bridge).jpg

15. Quadruple Alliance G.B, Austria, Prussia, and Russia (w/ Fr.=Quintuple Alliance) G.B, Austria, Prussia, and Russia (w/ Fr.=Quintuple Alliance) Goals to maintain the conditions of the Congress. Goals to maintain the conditions of the Congress. Meet to discuss (periodically) the security of Europe. Meet to discuss (periodically) the security of Europe. Other goals included preserving boundaries, watch over Napoleon & family, and prevent revolutions. Other goals included preserving boundaries, watch over Napoleon & family, and prevent revolutions. http://www.4hotels.co.uk/uk /images/great-britain.gif http://wwp.greenwichme antime.com/images/euro pe/austria.jpg http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/m aps/mhi/T014328A.gif http://www.wall-maps.com/Classroom/HISTORY/World/CongressOfVienna1815.gif

16. Holy Alliance Created by Czar Alex I, called for Christian rulers in Europe to unite as a union of monarchs Created by Czar Alex I, called for Christian rulers in Europe to unite as a union of monarchs Based on Justice, Christian Charity, and Peace Based on Justice, Christian Charity, and Peace Great Britain only one not to join due to their constitution (Act of Settlement). Great Britain only one not to join due to their constitution (Act of Settlement). http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH_22_503.gif

17. Concert of Europe Previous 2 combined, these alliances met to solve international problems & keep peace Previous 2 combined, these alliances met to solve international problems & keep peace Would fight liberal ideologies (system of thought and belief) of change and democracy Would fight liberal ideologies (system of thought and belief) of change and democracy Like the modern United Nations Like the modern United Nations

18. All in All Émigrés returned to France Émigrés returned to France C of V tries to reverse/stop the French Revolution effects of: C of V tries to reverse/stop the French Revolution effects of: Revolution Spirit; Nationalism; French & Prussian relations; spirit of Democracy and Liberalism; End of Absolutism, Civil rights, Human rights, and Women’s rights Revolution Spirit; Nationalism; French & Prussian relations; spirit of Democracy and Liberalism; End of Absolutism, Civil rights, Human rights, and Women’s rights Unique b/c Europe United for a while Unique b/c Europe United for a while Metternich used CoV for 30+ years to further his agenda of stopping liberals Metternich used CoV for 30+ years to further his agenda of stopping liberals Troops used to stop Revolutions (Metternich System), but Nationalism too strong of a force, Metternich flees 1848 Troops used to stop Revolutions (Metternich System), but Nationalism too strong of a force, Metternich flees 1848 http://www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/297761/2/istockphoto_297761_achtung.jpg