1. The Industrial Revolution ■During the 19 th Century (1800’s) production of goods changed dramatically. ■Instead of one worker putting together an entire item from start to finish… ■gun makinggun making ■

2. ■goods were now made with interchangeable parts and were mass produced in factories instead of being made in people’s homes.

3. ■This change in production is called the Industrial Revolution.

4. Industrial Revolution in the United States ■After the American Revolution the primary source of income in America was international trade. Jefferson’s Embargo of 1807 and the War of 1812 hurt American shipping so badly that investors were looking for other alternatives. Manufacturing became that alternative.

5. TWO Agricultural Systems Develop ■The North ■In the Northwest farmers grew crops such as corn and grain that did not require much labor.

6. ■In the Northeast individuals farmed on small plots of land. ■By 1804 almost all states in the north had outlawed slavery.

7. ■The South ■Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin – a machine used to clean the seeds from cotton – allowed cotton producers to produce more cotton.

8. ■Slave labor provided the large labor force that plantations needed. ■As demand for cotton increased so did the demand for slaves. ■spread of cotton and slaveryspread of cotton and slavery

9. James Monroe ■James Monroe was overwhelmingly elected president in 1816 and 1820 ■Monroe’s presidency began during an era of increased nationalism after the War of 1812 known as the “Era of Good Feelings” (1815- 1825)

11. ■Monroe’s goals as president were to ■1) promote national unity and ■2) America’s place in the world

12. ■Monroe promoted nationalism & American unity in three ways: ■1) Government ■2) Economy ■3) Foreign Policy

13. Government: 1)Increase the power of the national government over the states ■John Marshall (1801-1835) used the power of the Supreme Court to strengthen the power of the national government

14. The Legacy of John Marshall ■Fletcher v Peck (1810) ■McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) ■Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) ■Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) In each of these cases, John Marshall helped strengthen the power of the national gov’t over the states or protected citizens from the power of their state gov’ts

15. Economy 2) Encourage industry and transportation to link the South, North, and West

16. The American System In 1816, Congressman Henry Clay proposed the American System to unify the economies of the North, South, & West -Create a Second Bank of the US of the U.S. -Create a tariff to promote U.S. industry and limit British manufactured goods - Improve transportation with roads and canals

17. ■The American System allowed the USA to create a national market economy for the first time -

18. Rivers, Roads, Canals, & Railroads Transportation by 1840: Rivers, Roads, Canals, & Railroads The American System allowed the USA to create a national market economy for the 1 st time Southern cotton was used in northern textiles factories Northern factories made manufactured goods that were sold throughout the country Western farms grew grains & raised livestock that fed the nation

19. Settlement of the Trans-Mississippi Congress quickly admitted 5 new states to the Union: Louisiana (1812) Indiana (1816) Mississippi (1817) Illinois (1818) Alabama (1819) After the War of 1812, Americans flooded into the West; By 1840 over 1 / 3 of the population lived in the West This economic & territorial growth created a need to settle America’s national boundaries

20. Foreign Policy 3) Expanding U.S. borders & increasing America’s role in world affairs

21. American Nationalism President Monroe & his Secretary of State John Quincy Adams used foreign policy to promote nationalism & territorial expansion In 1818, Monroe & British leaders agreed to establish the US/Canada border set at the 49º Adams-Onis Treaty In 1819 the USA gained Florida from Spain with the Adams-Onis Treaty

22. Nationalist Foreign Policy ■When Latin American nations gained independence, the U.S. supported the new republics: –Monroe did not want Europeans re-colonizing in Latin America

23. Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine (1823) ■warned European nations that the USA would protect the Western Hemisphere & that the U.S. would not interfere in Europe

25. Sectionalism ■The Era of Good Feelings was a time of nationalism, but there were problems between North & South –Sectionalism –Sectionalism—when regional interests are placed above national interests

26. Northerners & Southerners disagreed over –slavery, –national taxes, & –the role of national gov’t –These disagreements dominated politics from 1820 to 1860

27. ■When Missouri applied to become a U.S. state, sectionalism emerged –Missouri wanted to become a slave state, like the South –Northerners did not want to see Southern slave states increase their power in the national gov’t –If Missouri entered as a slave state, the South would have 2 more Senators than the North

28. Missouri Compromise Because of the 3/5 Compromise, the South had more members of the House of Representatives President Monroe was from Virginia, so the South controlled the presidency too

29. In 1820, Henry Clay negotiated the Missouri Compromise Missouri became a slave state Maine broke from Massachusetts & became a free state Slavery was outlawed in all western territories above the latitude of 36°30'