1. Urinary System SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu

2. Kidney Ureter Bladder Urethra

3. 一、 the shape of the kidney Superior and inferior end Medial and lateral border Anterior and posterior surface Kidney

4. Renal Sinus ： Renal hilum ： Renal hilum 、 Renal Sinus 、 Renal Pedicle

5. Renal Pedicle ： from anterior to posterior: renal vein renal artery renal pelvis from superior to inferior : renal artery renal vein renalpelvis Renal hilum 、 Renal Sinus 、 Renal Pedicle

6. （一） position The kidneys lie on posterior abdominal wall on either side of the vertebral column ， behind the peritoneum ， they are retroperitoneal organ. The hilum of kidney is at the level of first lumber vertebra. 三、 position and capsule of kidney

7. the 12th rib crosses obliquely the upper third of the posterior surface of the right kidney,and the middle part of the left one. ： Left kidney ： superior end: ； inferior end:

8. 1 ） renal fascia ： renal fascia 三、 covering of kidney

9. 2) adipose capsule: 3 ） fibrous capsule:

10. Renal Pelvis Renal Cortex 、 Renal Medulla Renal Cortex renal papillae Foramina of papillae Renal Column Lesser renal calices (7-8) major renal calices （ 2-3 ） Renal Pyramid 四、 structure of kidney:

11. Renal segments The kidney is divided into five segments and each is supplied by a branch of the renal artery; Superior segment Superior anterior segment Inferior anterior segment Inferior segment Posterior segment

12. Renal anomalies Horseshoe kidney Pelvic position of kidney

13. Ureters Muscular tube, about 25cm long Three parts Abdominal part - descend on the psoas major behind the peritoneum Pelvic part - in female, passes 2cm lateral to the neck of uterus and lies below the uterine artery Intramural part - passes obliquely through the urinary bladder wall

14. 腹部 盆部 壁内部 二、 Strictures of ureter Superior stricture Middle stricture Inferior stricture Ureters

15. Apex of bladder Fundus of bladder Body of bladder Neck of bladder Trigone of bladder ： Formed by right and left orifice of ureter and the internal urethral orifice Interureteric fold Vesical plica Urinary Bladder

16. Relation Anterior: pubical symphysis position Posterior: Male: seminal vesicle ampulla ductus deferentis rectum. Female: Inferior: male: prostate female : urogenital diaphragm 3 、 position and relation

18. female urethre characteristics ： wide,short and straight

19. Renal transplant