1. SOL Terms 1 BRADY

2. 1. Renaissance Rebirth of classical ideas Art Started in Italy

3. 2. Michelangelo Renaissance Artist The David

4. 3. Humanism Erasmus Human behavior, emotion, potential

5. 4. Gutenberg Printing Press Bible

6. 5. Sonnets Shakespeare

7. 6. 95 Theses Written by Martin Luther List of things he felt the Catholic Church was doing wrong

8. 7. Indulgences Pardon for sins “Buying your way to Heaven” Luther’s major complaint against the Catholic Church

9. 8. John Calvin Predestination

10. 9. Henry VIII 6 wives King of England Broke from the Catholic Church because they would not let him get a divorce

11. 10. 30 Years War Catholics vs. Protestants Changed from a religious to a political war by Richilieu

12. 11. Society of Jesus Jesuits Missionaries that spread Catholic ideas

13. 12. Inquisition Punishment of non-Catholics/heretics

14. 13. Colombian Exchange Exchange of goods, people, ideas, and diseases between the Old World (Eastern Hemisphere) and the New World (Western Hemisphere).

15. 14. Prince Henry The Navigator School of Navigation

16. 15. Frederick the Great King of Prussia

17. 16. Location of the Ottoman Empire Europe/Turkey/Middle East

18. 17. Taj Mahal Palace in India – Mughal Empire

19. 18. Religion of Mughal Empire Islam

20. 19. Shogun Japanese Military Leader The one with the power

21. 20. Mercantilism Trade/Imperialism/Economic Idea

22. 21. Divine Right God given power to rule

23. 22. Versailles Opulent palace in France

24. 23. Sun King Louis XIV (14 th )

25. 24. Edict of Nantes Gives Hugenots (French Protestants) religious freedom

26. 25. Main Contribution of Peter I Modernized/Westernized Russia

27. 26. Heliocentric Theory Nicolaus Copernicus Sun is the center of the solar system

28. 27. Johannas Kepler Planets move in ellipses

29. 28. William Harvey Discovers circulation of blood

30. 1. Thomas Hobbest Leviathan Absolute Monarchy is best form of government, people are naturally wicked/evil

31. 2. John Locke Two Treatises on Government Life, Liberty, Property Dec of Indep: Thomas Jefferson used these ideas

32. 3. Rousseau The Social Contract People consent to be governed in order to be protected

33. 4. Oliver Cromwell Leader of the Roundheads during the English Civil War Took down Charles I

34. 5. Charles II Took over after Cromwell – RESTORATION OF THE MONARCHY

35. 6. Glorious Revolution William and Mary Create Constitutional Monarchy Gives more power to PARLIAMENT Less power to Monarchy

36. 7. English Bill of Rights More power to people/protects rights of people

37. 8. Bastille Prison destroyed during French Revolution First Event

38. 9. Reign of Terror Robespierre Mass deaths by guillotine

39. 10. Waterloo Where Napoleon is finally defeated

40. 11. Napoleonic Code Rights to people Gave people religious freedom

41. 12. All Weather Roads Napoleon made French roads better

42. 13. Nationalism Extreme pride in country (increased under Napoleon)

43. 14. Congress of Vienna Attempted to restore Europe’s boundaries to what they were before Napoleon’s conquests

44. 15. Liberalism and Conservatism New political ideas introduced by the Congress of Vienna

45. 16. Enclosure Movement Fenced off farms in England Bad for poor farmers – they lost their land 

46. 17. Eli Whitney Cotton Gin Increased slavery

47. 18. James Watt Steam Engine Yayyyy

48. 19. Factory System Method of manufacturing Started during Industrialization Replaced Cottage Industry

49. 20. Henry Bessemer Made it possible to mass produce steel (Bessemer Process)

50. 21. Adam Smith Wealth of Nations CAPITALISM

51. 22. Karl Marx Das Kapital The Communist Manifesto COMMUNISM

52. 23. Edward Jenner Smallpox Vaccine #savestheworld

53. 24. Louis Pasteur Discovers Bacteria

54. 25. Simon Bolivar Helps several countries in Latin America get their INDEPENDENCE George Washington of Latin America

55. 26. Toussaint L’Ouverture Led Haitian Revolution Former Slave

56. SOL TERMS 3

57. 1. Garibaldi United SOUTHERN Italy

58. 2. Cavour Unites NORTHERN Italy

59. 3. Papal States Last states to unify in Italy

60. 4. Realpolitik Politics of Reality Bismark came up with it

61. 5. Otto Von Bismark German Unification

62. 6. Franco-Prussian War Prussia v. France Leads to German independence

63. 7. Reform Act of 32 More power goes to Parliament

64. 8. Sphere of Influence Foreign power controls an area of trade in another country CHINA

65. 9. Protectorate Form of imperialism More powerful country provides protection to smaller country for economic benefit

66. 10. Suez Canal Connect the Mediterranean to the Red Sea Basically connects Europe to trade with India and Asia via waterway

67. 11. British East India Company British controlled trade in India

68. 12. Boxer Rebellion China’s attempt to end foreign influence (unsuccessful)

69. 13. Archduke Ferdinand Ruler of Austria-Hungary Assassinated – which begins WWI Killed by Gavrilo Princep (The Black Hand)

70. 14. Kaiser Wilhelm Leader of Germany during WWI

71. 15. Lenin Started Communism in Russia Led the Russian Revolution Leader of the Bolsheviks

72. 16. League of Nations Group of countries Goal is world peace/prevent future wars

73. 17. Mandates French/British occupation of the Middle East French – Syria and Lebanon British – Transjordan, Palestine, Iraq

74. 18. Bolsheviks Led by Lenin Took control during Russian Revolution Communists

75. 19. Czar Nicholas Incompetent leader of Russia during WWI – taken down during Russian Revolution

76. 20. Treaty of Versailles Punished Germany after WWI – took away lands, pay reparations, no military allowed

77. 21. 14 Points/Wilson Ideas to maintain world peace League of Nations US not a member of the League of Nations

78. 22. Reparations Money Germany had to pay France and GB $33 Billion

79. 23. Five Years Plans Economic plan by Stalin for USSR

80. 24. Collectivization Idea by Stalin Created large state owned farms

81. 25. Nazism Extreme Socialism/Germany/Hitler

82. 26. Fascism Italy/Mussolini

83. SOL Terms 4 1.Kenyatta -Leader of Kenya -Got them their independence

84. 2. Ghandi Peaceful resistance India’s independence

85. 3. Apartheid Racial segregation in South Africa Nelson Mandela

86. 4. Palestine Islam Israel border dispute

87. 5. Manchuria (1931) Invaded by Japan

88. 6. Appeasement Letting Hitler take over lands to avoid a world war

89. 7. FDR (WW2) President

90. 8. Harry Truman in WWII President at the end of WWII Made the decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan

91. 9. Dwight Eisenhower US General during D DAY

92. 10. Douglas MacArthur US General in the Pacific Island Hopping

93. 11. George Marshall Marshall Plan Rebuild Europe

94. 12. Hideki Tojo Military Leader - Japan

95. 13. Hirohito Japanese emperor

96. 14. Containment Stop the spread of Communism Part of the Truman Doctrine

97. 15. Final Solution Hitler’s plan to exterminate the Jews during the Holocaust

98. 16. Mao Zedong/Chiang Khai Shek Chinese Civil War Communist Leader Nationalist Leader

99. 17. Ho Chi Minh Vietnam Leader

100. 18. Nelson Mandela President South Africa

101. 19. NATO/Warsaw Pact Democratic Alliance Communist Alliance

102. 20. Rwanda Genocides Tutsis v. Hutus

103. 21. Multi National Corporations NAFTA/UN Economic Interdependence

104. 22. Nuremberg Trials Trials to condemn Nazi leaders