1. Global trends and Social security issues for workers in non-standard forms of employment Study Visit of the delegation of the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation Anne Drouin Social Protection Department – Public Finance, Actuarial Services and Statistics Branch

2. Contents 2  Global trends across the life cycle  Social security concerns for workers in non-standard forms of employment

3. Social protection cash benefits - social assistance - social insurance

4. 73% of the world population lacks comprehensive social protection 4 The world population of 7.3 billion persons today receives 8.7% of the world’s GDP in social protection benefits Source: WSPR 2014-15, UN World Population Prospects 2015.

5. 5  29.6 % of world population are dependant children  Expected to decrease to 21.3% by 2050  Receiving 0.4% of world GDP in social protection benefits (excluding health and education)  75 countries have no rights- based family and children benefits.  Majority of countries have punctual children programmes. Children

6. 6  66.4 % of world population are working-age persons (15-64)  Receiving 2.5% of the world’s GDP in social protection benefits (excl. health)  12% of the unemployed workers receive cash benefits  28% of women receive maternity cash benefits  33% of workers receive mandatory employment injury insurance cover  Most countries provide disability benefits – only 15 do not Workers and their families

7. 7  12.2 % of world population (United Nations World Population Prospects, 60+)  Receiving up to 4.0 % of the world’s GDP in old-age benefits (excl. health)  Expected increase in numbers due to increasing life expectancy  rose from 67 to 70 years, between 2000-05 and 2010-15  To 77 years by 2045-50 Elderly Persons

8. Towards Universal Health Coverage

9. Source: ILO, World Social Protection Report 2014-15 39% of the world population is not protected under any social health protection scheme

10. Great disparities between public and private expenditure on health Source: ILO, World Social Protection Report 2014-15

11. Global health staff deficit = 10.3 million skilled health workers Asia: 7,100,000 Africa: 2,800,000 Latin America: 391,000 Oceania: 27,000 Europe: 4,300 The world must tackle the shortage of health workers … A prerequisite to the meaningful extension of social health protection mechanisms such as health insurance

12. Social security concerns for workers in non- standard forms of employment

13. The share of informal workers engaged in non- standard forms of employment is growing in some parts of the world …. And they lack social security coverage,  Non-standard forms of employment (NSFE) have always existed in labour markets. They can influence labour market segmentation and the general casualization of employment  This can exacerbate wage and income inequality as well as income security.  NSFE are more common in certain industries, more closely associated with lower-skilled occupations, in which workers can be quickly trained and easily replaced.  Temporary and part-time employment and other NSFE’s account for a large share of jobs in Europe and the USA.  Most workers seek permanent employment with social security coverage 13

14. The share of temporary workers, as % of waged employees, increased in many countries from 2002 to 2012 … Most of them are young people, who will accrue short career for entitlements to social security in the long term 14 Source: ILO Statistics Department; ILO, Report for discussion at the Meeting of Experts on Non-Standard Forms of Employment, 2015.

15. 15 The share of part-time workers (working less than 35 hours per week), as % of all employees, increased in many countries from 2002 to 2012 … Many are women, often not accuring social security entitlements and who will cumulate short careers of entitlements to social security Source: ILO Statistics Department; ILO Report for discussion at the Meeting of Experts on Non-Standard Forms of Employment, 2015; OECD and United States.

16. Some policy solutions for extending social security to workers in Non-standard forms of employment Laws reformed to explicitly cover NSFE workers Adapt legal and administrative provisions to ease the circumstances of NSPE workers : short tenure, short contribution periods, low earnings Seek innovative partnerships with administrators to effectively reach NSFE workers Subsidize their contirbutions for those whose earnings are low Provide minimum benefit guarantees Consider social assistance In countries with large informal economies Extend social health protection mechanisms for effective access to health care. Ensure portability of rights across work arrangements – nationally based social insurance schemes are more favourable Coordinate social insurance, universal social protection schemes financed from taxes, and individual taxation policies 16

17. Questions & Answers Anne Drouin drouin@ilo.org Visit: http://www.social- protection.org/gimi/gess/ShowProjectPage.do?pid= 2577