1. The Development Gap? What is it? Dr. East 10/19

3. People Living on < $1.25 per day

4. Criteria for measuring Quality of Life Economic 1. Economic – income, job security, standard of living (housing, personal mobility, etc.) Physical 2. Physical – diet, nutrition, water supply, climate, environmental hazards/quality Social 3. Social – family, friends, health, education Psychological 4. Psychological – happiness, security, freedom

5. Developed and Developing usually refer to Economic Development 1980s – stigma associated w/ ‘developing’ 1980s - Brandt Line symbolized the North/South divide 1990s – MEDC and LEDC (sometimes MDC/LDC) Developing countries showing a widening gap amongst themselves in terms of wealth and standards of living

6. The Brandt Line

7. Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs) BRIC – Brazil, Russia, India, China What do these countries have in common?

8. Ways to measure Economic Development/Standard of Living Ways to measure Economic Development/Standard of Living : GDP per capita – gross domestic product monetary value of all goods, services produced Total population GNI per capita – gross national income (preferred) all goods, services + ‘invisibles” (financial services/deals) Total population Convert any of these to Purchasing Power Parity. What was this? ___________________________________________ ____________________________________________ * All numbers are country averages and do not reflect the distribution of wealth w/in the country or tell us how the gov’t invests its $.

9. How did you describe this?

10. Recent trends in measuring development QUALITY OF LIFE Human Development Index 1990s – UN introduced Human Development Index (HDI) Countries scored between 0 and 1 Based on Health, Education, Income Based on Health, Education, Income – Income converted to PPP to reflect what an actual income will buy in a country http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/

12. See pp. 78-79 in your textbook.

13. 2014 HDI World Map (cream is no data)

14. What is NOT included in HDI & What Can the Data Mask? Human rights or freedom Role of women - Denied land ownership - Denied access to education, wealth, family planning, equity in justice and employment -Kept subordinate by nature of tasks – unpaid or poorly paid, tedious, heavy, time consuming - Subjected to violence -Denied political influence -What else?