1. 1 Bidoura Khondaker MASc. (Transportation Engg), University of British Columbia, Vancouver. PhD candidate (Transportation Engg.), University of Calgary, AB Canada.

2. The phenomena “Capacity Drop”: 2 Outflow before onset of congestion > Outflow when congestion occurs at bottleneck.

3.  Main Idea: Limiting Inflow Temporarily. 3 Default speed limit=100 kmph

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6. 6 1. Detector : Need extensive coverage Expensive!!! Provides speed information in the vicinity. 2. Probe Vehicle: GPS enabled device Low cost Excellent coverage

7. 7 Optimizing Objective Function: Total Time Spent (TTS)

8. 8 By developing API (Application Programming Interface) using C++ language. Steps for creating API: 1.In Paramics->programmer->plugins, copy base folder and rename. 2.In the Modeller->source files->plugins.c write the codes. 3.Compile the codes (shortcut f7). 4.Once compiled, “base.dll” will be created (rename say VSL.dll). 5.Copy this base.dll in C/Program files (X86)/Paramics V6. 6.In the desired network file, copy any Paramics network file. 7.Rename it programming. 8.Click in it and type VSL.dll. 9.Run the simulation.

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10.  Study Area 10 Figure : Deerfoot Trail (Highway 2) in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. High incident occurrence. Growing congestion. Major access to Calgary Downtown, and Calgary International Airport. Forecast: fastest growing area over next sixty years.

11. 11 5 1 2 3 4 6 For SB traffic Only 5 Study area was divided into 6 sections.

12. 12 VMS Beacons On ramp check-in detector On ramp check-out detector

13. 13 Simulation run for 1 hour and 15 minutes (AM peak for SB traffic only). The first fifteen minutes is a warm up period. Each of the examined scenarios corresponds to the average of 10 PARAMICS runs with different random seeds.

14. 14  three different levels of congestion(80%, 100% and 120%).  Two different incidence occurrence situations (recurrent and non-recurrent).  several percentages of vehicle probe penetration rate(10%, 20%, 40%). PARAMICS Analyser is used to calculate the following MOE’s for above scenarios Motorway link delay Motorway link travel time Motorway link speed variance Motorway flow Motorway average speed

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16. 16 Result for a non-recurrent case

17. 17 Traffic flow distribution

18. 18 Probe based vs detector based VSL algorithm

19. For further information: bkhondak@ucalgary.ca 19