1. Pick your poison…. Cigarettes, tobacco, cigars, nicotine, chew…..

2. Smoking is responsible for nearly 1 in 5 deaths in the United States. Tobacco use is a ________ risk factor! Smoking is the MOST PREVENTABLE cause of premature death in our society.

3. Who Smokes? 2005, CDC (Center for Disease Control): 44.5 million US adults were current smokers. 20.9% of adults (23.9% men, 18.1% women; ~1/5 people). When broken down by race/ethnicity: * Whites - 21.9% * African Americans - 21.5% * Hispanics - 16.2% * American Indians/Alaska Natives - 32.0% * Asian Americans - 13.3% 2006, CDC: ~24% of 18-44 y/o were current smokers (compared with < 11% of 65+). 2004: Nationwide, 22.3% of HS students and 8.1% of MS students were smoking. (More White and Hispanic students smoked).

4. More Stats ~1/2 of Americans who continue to smoke will die because of their bad habit. Each year ~440,000 people in the US die from illnesses related to smoking. Cigarettes kill more Americans than alcohol, car accidents, suicide, AIDS, homicide, and illegal drugs combined.

5. Why smoke? Most people know that tobacco is bad for their health, so why do so many people continue to use it?

6. Cigars vs. Cigarettes Cigar: - Any roll of tobacco wrapped in leaf tobacco or in any substance containing tobacco. - Can contain 5-17 grams of tobacco. - One large cigar can equal amount of tobacco in a whole pack of smokes! Cigarette: - Any roll of tobacco wrapped in paper or a non-tobacco substance.

7. Ingredients in Tobacco Dried tobacco leaves Ingredients added for flavor and other properties More than 4,000 chemicals; more than 60 are known carcinogens (cancer-causing agents)

8. Examples of Chemicals/Compounds Metals – aluminum, zinc, mercury, silver, titanium, lead, copper Acetone (Nail Polish Remover) Ammonia (Floor/Toilet Cleaner) Arsenic (Poison) Butane (Lighter Fluid) Cadmium (Batteries) Carbon Monoxide (Car Exhaust) DDT (Insecticides) Formaldehyde (Preserver) Napthalene (Moth Balls) Vinyl Chloride (PVC)

9. How does tobacco affect each of the following categories? * Draw this chart in your notes & brainstorm with a partner. Try to think of 5 things for each category. HealthAppearanceBehaviorSocial Activities

10. Speaking of the Effects on Health… Cancer Cigarette smoking accounts for at least 30% of all cancer deaths. It’s a major cause of the following cancers: lung, larynx (voice box), oral cavity, pharynx (throat), esophagus, and bladder. It contributes to the development of following cancers: pancreas, cervix, kidney, stomach, and also some leukemias.

11. Speaking of the Effects on Health… Cancer Smoking is responsible for ~ 87% of lung cancer deaths. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death in both men & women. Lung cancer is one of the most difficult cancers to treat, but is a disease that, in many cases, can be prevented.

12. Speaking of the Effects on Health… ~1/2 of deaths related to smoking are from cancer. Smoking also a major cause of: Heart disease, aneurysms, bronchitis, emphysema, stroke. Can make pneumonia and asthma worse. Tobacco can also damage a woman's reproductive health. Linked to reduced fertility and a higher risk of miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth, infant death, and low birth-weight. It has also been linked to SIDS. Other health problems: Gum disease, cataracts, bone thinning (nicotine effects the calcium content of bones), hip fractures, ulcers, and macular degeneration (eye disease, can cause blindness).

13. Nicotine Absorbed into bloodstream through mouth & lung linings. Takes ~ 5-7 seconds for it to reach brain after inhaling. Blood vessels constrict = less blood & _____ to body tissues and limbs. Therefore: Blood Pressure _____, as does _____ Rate (by up to 20 beats/min.) Leads to a “mild high.”

14. Nicotine & Addiction First “rush” or brain stimulation can soon be followed by feelings of depression, fatigue, restlessness, irritation, etc. (~30 min.) Why? What’s going on in the body? Blood vessels aren’t being stimulated to constrict anymore; nicotine effects over for now… Do you want to feel like this? So what do you do?

15. Addiction Definition: The repeated, compulsive seeking or use of a substance despite its harmful effects and consequences. Straight from Webster’s: The compulsive need for and use of a habit- forming substance, characterized by tolerance and well-defined physiological symptoms upon withdrawal. Persistent compulsive use of a substance known by the user to be harmful.

16. Addiction Physical and psychological (mental/emotional) dependence on a substance. Nicotine = addictive drug in tobacco. Stimulates the release of dopamine, associated with pleasure. Regular use leads to addiction in a high % of users.

17. Nicotine Addiction All forms of tobacco have a lot of nicotine! Tobacco companies legally required to report nicotine levels in cigarettes to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). Most states not required to show amount of nicotine on the cigarette package label. Amount of nicotine in a given brand of cigarettes is often different from the level reported to FTC. In one cigarette, nicotine amount ranges from ~1-2 mg.

18. Nicotine Addiction 70% of smokers say they want to quit 35% try to quit each year Fewer than 5% succeed 70% of smokers age 12 to 17 who wish they had never started smoking. (Statistics From the American Lung Association) Why? - Physical addiction - Also strong emotional aspect - Often linked with many social activities. Point being…? It’s a hard habit to break!

19. But if you DO quit… Within… 8 Hours – Smoker’s breath disappears, O2 in blood rises to normal. 24 Hours – Chance of Heart Attack decreases. 48 Hours – Nerve endings recover, as do senses of taste and smell. 72 Hours – Bronchial tubes expand, breathing easier.

20. But if you DO quit… Within.. Months – Lung capacity increases, circulation improves, exercise is easier, energy levels improve, sinus congestion decreases, cilia in lungs grow back. 1 Year – Heart attack risk decreases to ½ that of a smoker. 2 Years – Heart attack risk drop to almost that of a non- smoker. 5 Years – Lung, mouth, throat, esophageal cancer risks reduced to ½ that what it was. 10 Years – Risk of Lung cancer risk same as non-smoker. 15 Years – Coronary disease risk same as someone who has never even tried smoking.

21. Environmental Tobacco Smoke Being around smokers can be harmful too, especially for kids (bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma). Secondhand Smoke: The smoke emitted from a lit cigarette, cigar or pipe, and the smoke exhaled by smokers. Contains same carcinogens that are in mainstream smoke. Prompted smoke bans across the U.S.

22. How Many Cigarettes? If you’re inFor this longAs if you’ve smoked Smoky Bar2 hrs? Restaurant (Non-smoking section) 2 hrs? Home8 hrs? Car (w/ smoking, windows closed) 1 hr?

23. How Many Cigarettes? If you’re inFor this longAs if you’ve smoked Smoky Bar2 hrs4 Restaurant (Non-smoking section) 2 hrs1.5 Home8 hrs6 Car (w/ smoking, windows closed) 1 hr3 * Study from UC-Berkeley. Cigarette equivalencies are appx. Amount of second-hand smoke inhaled could be ½ or 3x as much, depending on: _______

24. How many G’s? If a pack costs: $________ How much does a One-Pack-A-Day Smoker spend in: One Day: One Week: One Month: One Year: Ten Years: