2. Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the years 1503~1506, the Mona Lisa is a mysterious masterpiece. He produced astonishing drawings of machines which were not to be built until hundreds of years later. The King of France asked Leonardo to do scientific research. All of these are non-finite verbs.

3. Non-finites 1. 动词的 -ing 形式 动词的 -ing 形式包括传统语法所讲 的现在分词和动名词两形式, 因此,- ing 形式在句中可以起形容词、副词 或动名词的作用。

4. 1) 主语 Learning a foreign language is not an easy job. It is no use talking to him. 2) 表语 Your duty is looking after the baby. 3) 动词和介词的宾语 I am considering changing my job. He dislikes being interrupted.

5. She kept working all day without taking even one minute’s rest. I don’t like the idea of our not helping at all. 4) 宾语补足语 I saw a light burning in the window. You won’t catch them doing that again. catch sb doing 逮住某人做某事

6. 5) 定语 Look at the sleeping child. What can you see from the boiling water? I have to take some sleeping pills this evening. 6) 状语 Having arrived at a decision, the students began their work at once. Working hard, you will succeed. He stood there in the rain, waiting for the result of the game.

7. 2. 动词的 -ed 形式 及物动词的 -ed 形式表示被动意义, 不及物 动词的 -ed 形式表示主动地完成意思。 1) 表语 The door remains locked. The children stood fascinated by the toys on display.

8. 2) 宾语补足语 They all thought the game lost. Every time they come to China, they find it greatly changed. The boy had his leg broken during the match. 3) 主语和宾语 The wounded was a young soldier.

9. 4) 定语 The fallen leaves tell us that autumn is coming. There were several uninvited guests. You must repair all the broken windows in two hours. 5) 状语 Utterly exhausted, the boy fell asleep soon.

10. 3. 动词不定式 1) 主语 To know the history of human civilization is helpful for learning a foreign language. It took me two hours to finish the passage. 2) 表语 To see is to believe. What I want to suggest is to start the work at once.

11. 3) 动词宾语 The manager wanted to open a new market in Europe. Please inform me where to get the ticket. 4) 宾语补足语 You made me laugh. Would you like me to tell Jane the truth?

12. 5) 定语 Is that the best way to do the work? They will make another attempt to cross the river. 6) 状语 To get the best result, we should use clean water. He must be deaf not to hear that.

13. 1.Most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 2. The next morning she found the man _____ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 3. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult. A. to make B. not to make C. not making D. to not make A A B

14. 4. ____ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 5. Robert is said ___abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying C A

15. 非谓语动词专练 1. The great hall was crowded with many people, _____ many children _____on their parents’ laps. A. including; seated B. including; seating C. included; sat D. included; sitting 1. A 。 including 为介词 ; 由 seat 的用法可 知, 此处应用其过去分词形式。 1. A 。 including 为介词 ; 由 seat 的用法可 知, 此处应用其过去分词形式。

16. 2. B 。 hold 与 the Olympic Games 之间是 被动关系, 且 2008 奥运会尚未举办, 应用 不定式表将来。 2. It’s said that the Olympic Games _____ in Beijing in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did. A. holdingB. to be held C. heldD. to be holding

17. 3. _____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water. A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain 3. D. There being no rain 为 there be 句 型的独立主格形式。

18. 4. C 。不定式作结果状语表示主语未曾 预料到的结果。 4. Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, _____ him a millionaire overnight. A. making B. makes C. to make D. made

19. B 。不定式作目的状语。 escape 意为 “ 逃脱 ”, 不接不定式, 而常接 -ing 形式作宾语。只能 接 -ing 形式作宾语的动词还有 :mind, admit, avoid, appreciate, consider( 考虑 ), delay, imagine, miss, practice 等。 5. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire- stricken areas moved out _____. A. to escape burning B. to escape being burned C. escaping burned D. escaping from burning

20. 1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ___. (2008 全 国 I) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed 2. The director had her assistant ___ some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008 全国 II) A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up

21. 3. __ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. (2008 北京 ) A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen 4. --Did the book give the information you needed? --Yes. But __ it, I had to read the entire book. (2008 北京 ) A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding

22. 5. I feel greatly honored ____ into their society. (2008 北京 ) A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed 6. It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and __ better ones of your own. (2008 北京 ) A. introduces B. to introduce C. introducing D. introduced

23. 7. As a new driver, I have to practise ___ the car in my small garage again and again. (2008 上海春 ) A. parking B. to park C. parked D. park 8. Due to the heavy rain and flooding, ten million people have been forced _____ their homes. (2008 上海春 ) A. leaving B. to leave C. to be left D. being left

24. 9. Throughout history, the language _____ by a powerful group spreads across a civilization. (2008 上海春 ) A. speaking B. spoken C. to speak D. to be spoken 10. If we have illegal immigrants ________ in, many local workers will lose their jobs. (2008 上海春 ) A. came B. coming C. to come D. having come

25. 11. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle __ to balance it. (2008 上海 ) A. having tried B. trying C. to try D. tried 12. If there’s a lot of work ___, I am happy to just keep on until it is finished. (2008 上海 ) A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing

26. 13. Something as simple as __ some cold water may clear your mind or relieve pressure. (2008 上海 ) A. to drink B. drinking C. to be drinking D. drunk 14. Ideally __ for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park is a favourite with many guests. (2008 上海 ) A. locating B. being located C. having been located D. located

27. 15. _____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. (2008 天津 ) A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown 16. Please remain ___; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (2008 辽 宁 ) A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated

28. 17. Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made _____ in the restaurant. (2008 山东 ) A. working B. work C. to work D. worked 18. --They are quiet, aren’t they? --Yes. They are accustomed ______ at meals. (2008 江苏 ) A. to talk B. to not talk C. to talking D. to not talking

29. 19. ____ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. (2008 安徽 ) A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked 20. ______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. (2008 浙江 ) A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized

30. 21. ___ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. (2008 湖 南 ) A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete 22. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried ___ alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. (2008 湖南 ) A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived