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Greco-Roman Culture Why was Rome such an AWESOME civilization?
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What is Greco-Roman culture? O Blend of Greek, Hellenistic and Roman cultures O Romans conquered Greece around 2 nd century B.C. O Adopted and adapted lots of Greek/Hellenistic culture
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Art O Sculpture O Greek = idealization and beauty O Romans = realist O Art was practical and intended for public education O Bas-relief O Images project from a flat background O Told stories, represented people, etc… O Mosaics: tiled art O Frescoes: wall paintings/murals
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Learning & Literature O Borrowed Greek philosophy: Stoicism O Influenced by Greek literature: Epics O Virgil’s Aeneid modeled after Homer’s epics O History (woot woot!!!) O Livy – national myth O Tacitus – presented facts; wrote about the good and bad of Rome
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Language O Romance languages!!! Latin French Spanish Italian Portuguese Romanian
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Architecture O Arch + Dome + Concrete = Colosseum (colossus) O Aqueducts: brought water to town O Architectural Influences: capitol building O Roads – stone, concrete, and sand
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Laws O Most lasting and widespread contribution O Laws should apply to all people O Standards of justice influenced by Stoic philosophers O Based on common sense and practicality O Principles: O Right to equal treatment under law O Innocent until proven guilty O Burden of proof rested with accuser rather than accused O Punishment for actions, not thoughts O Unreasonable laws/unfair laws could be set aside O Basis of many legal systems today, including the U.S.
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Historian R.H Barrow stated that Rome never fell because it turned into something even greater—an idea—and achieved immortality…
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The “Fall” of Rome
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What goes up…
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Must come down…
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WHAT HAPPENED, ROME?! By 3 rd century AD, Rome faced many political, economic, military, and social problems
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ECONOMIC PROBLEMS Disruption of trade due to hostile tribes Lack of gold and silver resources Raised taxes Minting coins with less silver INFLATION A drop in value of money + rise in prices Decline in agriculture food shortage
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MILITARY & POLITICAL PROBLEMS Soldiers became less loyal to Rome and more to commanders Government hired mercenaries who were not loyal to Rome Citizens became less loyal MAJOR PROBLEM #1: Emperor Diocletian: divided the empire into two parts Greek speaking East (he ruled; wealthy) Latin speaking West (he appointed a ruler) Civil war broke out after his death
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MILITARY & POLITICAL PROBLEMS MAJOR PROBLEM #2: Emperor Constantine Controlled the West Gained control of the East Moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium (important for trade purposes) City became known as Constantinople
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Germanic Peoples…a.k.a. “barbarians” Lived on the outskirts of the empire A.D. 370, Huns began terrorizing the Germanic peoples… Germanic peoples pushed into Roman lands – particularly the West Western military couldn’t stop them Huns became a direct threat…terrorizing BOTH empires Last Western Roman emperor ousted by Germanic forces in A.D. 476…and the empire disappeared… East will continue to flourish…as the Byzantine Empire… The FINAL BLOW…
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ROMAN STAUTUES
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ROMAN STATUES
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GEORGE WASHINGGTON STATUE
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GEORGE WASHINGTON, OUTSIDE WALL STREET, NEW YORK CITY
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MONUMENT FOR GEORGE WASHINGTON
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ROMAN, BASS RELIEF SCULPTURE
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MASSACHUSETTS 54 TH REGIMENT HONORING THEM N THE U.S. CIVIL WAR
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