1. Dynamic Traffic Management Traffic control Prof. Dr. Henk J. van Zuylen 汉克. 范少伦 教授 荷兰 德尔夫特理工大学

2. 2/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Content Structure, objectives and goals of the course Exercise Policy context, goals of traffic control Process Architectures

3. 3/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Objectives Insight in possibilities of intersetion control Criteria for application Effects State of the art Intersection analysis Design control scheme Optimalisation control schemes Assessment Use of simulation programs VISSIM Design, simulation and evaluation of traffic control

4. 4/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Goal of the course To be able to assess intersection control Calculate and evaluate capacity and necessity of traffic control Design, test and evaluate intersection control scheme Relation between intersection control and processes in traffic and transport

5. 5/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Program 10 Oct203101_TUDIntroduction Tudelft 201_Dynamic_Traffic_MangementDynamic traffic management 11 Oct202802__unsignalized intersectionsPriority intersections Roundabouts Criteria for signalized intersections 903_02 signalized intersectionsStandards Fixed timings 12 Oct205602_03 signalized intersectionsClearance times Conflict groups 210702-03 signalized intersectionsCycle time and green times 13 Oct206104_saturation flow calculationSaturation flow 204_assignment data collectionSaturation flow measurement 14 Oct206105_VRIGENDesigning traffic control 2Use of VRIGEN

6. 6/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Program week 2 17 Oct210111_assignment 211_VISSIMInput description VISSIM 18 Oct2108Specification of VISSIMPractical work 9 19 Oct402613_Dealy modelsMathematical models for 4027Intersection delay 20 Oct311114_Network controlCoordination, TRANSYT, SCOOT and SCATS 2 21 Oct405115_Beijing VRUIntersection design and control for traffic safety 2

7. 7/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Program week 2 17 October 18 October 19 October 20 October 21 October Delay modeling Travel time in urban network Measuring saturation flow Setting up a VISSIM network Simulating traffic control Traffic safety on signalized intersections

8. 8/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Assignment Design traffic control for an intersection Measurement of saturation flow and passenger car equivalent (PCE) values Data collection (count traffic) Code the intersection Design traffic control scheme Model intersection for VISSIM Simulate traffic control Evaluate control scheme Remove errors (Write a report)

9. 9/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Dynamic traffic management Overview ITS examples and goals Dutch transport policy Traffic control architecture: the process to construct a regional traffic management approach

10. 10/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Examples of Dynamic Traffic Management Traffic control for intersections Dynamic parking management Priority control of public transport Ramp metering Dynamic road pricing Dynamic Route Information Panels (DRIPS) Dynamic speed control – e.g. on motorways Lane control Dynamic route information

11. 11/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Objectives of DTM Increase safety Improve comfort of travelling Improve utilization of infrastructure Reduce congestion Reduce travel time Improve reliability of the transport system Influence route choice Shift trips in time Reduce emissions (CO 2, PM10, NO x )

12. 12/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Vision DTM Main problem areas 1.Congestion at merges and discontinuities (remedy: optimizing the existing infrastructure, control traffic) 2.Unreliability of road transport (remedy: inform the road user) 3.Traffic accidents (remedy: early detection of incidents and efficient incident management, better intersection control) 4.Structural traffic pressure around an in urban areas (remedy: optimal integrated utilization of the complete road network, municipal, provincial roads and motorways) 5.Mixing of long distance and local traffic (untangling of long distance and local traffic) The remedies imply dynamic traffic management … but how?

13. 13/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 ITS concept Intelligent Transport Services Organization Systems Policy

14. 14/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Road managers Ministry of Communication for national roads (especially freeways) Province for provincial roads Municipalities for urban roads

15. 15/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Levels of DTM planning Policy level Strategic Operational

16. 16/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Architectures Traffic Control Architecture Application Architecture Architecture of the Technical Infrastructure Information Architecture Organization Architecture In this lecture the focus is on Traffic Control Architecture

17. 17/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011

18. 18/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Process structure to set up regional traffic management STEPS 1.Start up of the project 2.Define common general objectives 3.Develop control strategy 4.Define frame of reference 5.Describe present situation 6.Determine bottlenecks 7.Develop the service 8.Develop the measures 9.Complete the project PRODUCTS Policy plan Control strategy Frame of reference Bottlenecks Services Instruments

19. 19/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Dutch approach: traffic architecture Traffic policy defines what to achieve Description of logical behavior of traffic Starting point for the other architectures Based on: Existing ITS expertise Existing equipment National ITS policy documents Dialogue with relevant stakeholders Layered architecture Policy plans Control strategy Frame of reference Bottlenecks Services Instruments Policy plans

20. 20/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Traffic architecture Initial common policy statement Accessibility big cities Sustainability Safety Policy plans Control strategy Frame of reference Bottlenecks Services Instruments Policy plans

21. 21/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Traffic architecture Translate policy to priorities in network Apply public transport No cars in City-center Flow through highway system Target group approach Policy plans Control strategy Frame of reference Bottlenecks Services Instruments Policy plans

22. 22/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Traffic architecture Quantify goals Minimum travel time Maximum speed Public transport Robust road network Air quality Policy plans Control strategy Frame of reference Bottlenecks Services Instruments Policy plans

23. 23/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Traffic architecture Find bottlenecks Compare current situation with desired situation Solve local problems locally, global problems on network level Policy plans Control strategy Frame of reference Bottlenecks Services Instruments Policy plans

24. 24/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Traffic architecture Policy plans Control strategy Scenario Select scenario Services Instruments Policy plans Agree on services - the type of measures Rerouting, tidal flow, traffic info

25. 25/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Traffic architecture Ramp metering Roadside systems Dynamic route information panel Overtaking prohibition for trucks Traffic signals Policy plans Control strategy Scenario Select scenario Services Instruments Policy plans

26. 26/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Policy traffic control Traffic control helps policy: Urban development accessibility safety congestion stops emissions Pedestrians (Motor)cyclists Public transport vehicles (Bus, Tram) Motorised individual transport, cars, lorries, vans Special vehicles, such as ambulance, police, fire brigade.

27. 27/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Overview ITS examples, goals Process steps and products Regional traffic management process Next lecture: uncontrolled intersections, criteria for signalization of intersections

28. 28/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Questions A city government wants to buy a network control system. In which step of the process does this belong? Policy plan/control strategy/frame of reference/Bottlenecks/Services /Instruments The traffic engineer is ordered to improve the bus service. He has to balance that with other objectives for other traffic. Where does that belong? Policy plan/control strategy/frame of reference/Bottlenecks/Services/Instruments It was necessary to extend the traffic signal system for intersections with route information panels. What kind of architecture is necessary? hardware architecture/service architecture/traffic architecture

29. 29/36 Dynamic Traffic Management – October 2011 Another question A city government bought the SCATS system for network control (adaptive intersection control and flexible coordination). There is still congestion after the introduction of SCATS. Who made a fault? municipality/traffic engineers/nobody A city government bought the SCATS system for network control (adaptive intersection control and flexible coordination). There is no congestion after the introduction of SCATS. Can the municipal authorities be happy with the situation? yes of course/depends on the policy goals/no, there is always something to improve