1. Chapter 3

2. HALLUCINATIONS  Def.: false perceptions with no external stimulation  Created by Sensory deprivation  brain creates own stimulation if not enough in the environment (imaginary friends, seclusion, solitary confinement)  Or too much stimulation causes it (schizophrenia)

3. HALLUCINATIONS & DRUGS  LSD, alcohol, opium, caffeine, etc can create psychoactive hallucinations  Impairs judgment & emotion-based brain mechanisms  Most widely abused: cocaine, heroin, & amphetamines (stimulants)

4. PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG CATEGORIES (1) 1. HALLUCINOGENS/ PSYCHEDELICS: ex, PCP (“angel dust”) user feels disembodied & insensitive to pain; Shrooms; LSD

5. PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG CATEGORIES (2)  OPIATES: highly addictive drugs; suppress sensation & response to stimulation Morphine & codeine: pain-relieving properties like body’s own endorphins Heroin is made from morphine & 1 st developed by Bayer Co.  rush of euphoria & addiction starts from 1 st use!!

6. PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG CATEGORIES (3)  DEPRESSANTS: slow down mental & physical activity by inhibiting CNS Barbiturates, anti-anxiety meds, & alcohol  all actually reduce REM-sleep, so still tired despite full nights rest! Overdoses cause loss of all sensations, coma, or death Alcohol one of 1 st psychoactive drugs used by humans  now 1 in 10 Americans suffer from alcoholism

7. PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG CATEGORIES (4)  STIMULANTS: speed up mental & physical rates of activity & increases CNS activity  Used for ADHD & narcolepsy  Cocaine users want higher pleasure sensations & greater energy and awareness; heavy users experience hallucinations

8. Natural Stimulants

9. BUT ARE THEY DRUGS?  Physiological Dependence: process by which the body adjusts to, and becomes dependent on, a drug  Two other stimulants: caffeine & nicotine…do you think they are drugs??