1. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014 School Feeding Programs Donald Bundy The World Bank APPG School Meals, London, UK March 4, 2014

2. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014

3. Poverty: Percentage of population living in households with consumption or income per person below the poverty line The poverty line estimates use Purchasing Power Parity exchange rates. World Bank. http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/jsp/index.jsphttp://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/jsp/index.jsp

4. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014 Hunger: Percentage of population below the minimum level of dietary energy consumption (2002-05) The proportion of the population below the minimum level of dietary energy consumption, referred to as the prevalence of undernourishment, is the percentage of the population that is undernourished or food deprived. Figures are from latest available year. FAO. State of Food and Agriculture, 2007; FAO. State of Food Insecurity, 2008.

5. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014 Primary school completion rate (2000-06) Primary completion rate is the total number of students in grade 6 (excluding repeaters) divided by the total number of children of grade age. Figures are from latest available year. All data are from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics except for Australia, Canada, China, Japan, New Zealand, Sweden, Thailand, and the United Kingdom, which are from national data. UNESCO Institute for Statistic. http://stats.uis.unesco.orghttp://stats.uis.unesco.org

6. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014 School feeding: Country programs (2006-08) Category 1: Countries where school feeding is available in most schools, sometimes or always; Category 2: Countries where school feeding is available in some way and at some scale; Category 3: Countries where school feeding is available primarily in the most food insecure regions; Category 4: Countries where there is no school feeding. The sources, as detailed in the database link, are WFP data for low income and lower middle income countries and national data for the remaining countries. Partnership for Child Development. http://www.schoolsandhealth.org/Pages/SchoolNutritionFoodforEducation.aspxhttp://www.schoolsandhealth.org/Pages/SchoolNutritionFoodforEducation.aspx

7. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014 Children receiving school meals around the world Map from C. Burbano de Lara et al. State of School Feeding Worldwide. World Food Programme, 2013.

8. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014 AppropriatenessRelatively easy to scale in crisis AdequacyGood (>10% of HH income) EquityModerate to Good (lowest where ED low) Cost-effectivenessPoor to Moderate (20-40% non-transfer costs) Incentive compatibilityGood, could be Very Good SustainabilityGood DynamismUsually not School Feeding as a Safety Net Adapted from D. Bundy, C. Burbano, M. Grosh, A. Gelli, M. Jukes, and L. Drake. Rethinking School Health. World Bank, 2009.

9. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014 EDUCATION: Quality of the evidence InterventionEnrolmentAttendance Educational achievement Cognition School meals+++ ( ♀ effect)+++ Take-home rations+++ ( ♀ effect)+++ ++ Fortified biscuits++++ Dietary iron++++ DewormingNA+++++ + = evidence from quasi-experimental evaluation ++ = evidence from at least one RCT +++ = evidence from more than one RCT NA = not assessed Adapted from D. Bundy, C. Burbano, M. Grosh, A. Gelli, M. Jukes, and L. Drake. Rethinking School Health. World Bank, 2009..

10. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014 School feeding cost and outcomes Adapted from R. Galloway, E. Kristjansson, A. Gelli, U. Meir, F. Espejo, and D. Bundy. “School Feeding: Outcomes and Costs.” Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 30.2 (2009): 171-82.

11. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014 Multiple Impacts, Multiple Objectives Social protection: income transfer, targeting, social safety net Education: participation, learning & cognition Health & nutrition: energy/micronutrients, spill-overs Agriculture? H. Alderman and D. Bundy. “School Feeding Programs and Development: Are We Framing the Question Correctly?” World Bank Observer. 27.2 (2012): 204-21.

12. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014 Data primarily from C. Harper, L. Wood, and C. Mitchell. “The Provision of School Food in 18 Countries.” School Food Trust. (2008).

13. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014 Coverage is 18% in poor countries compared to 49% in wealthier countries Low-Income CountriesLower-Middle-Income Countries C. Burbano de Lara et al. State of School Feeding Worldwide. World Food Programme, 2013.

14. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014 Targeting of School Meals C. Burbano de Lara et al. State of School Feeding Worldwide. World Food Programme, 2013.

15. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014 Data primarily from OECD Education at a Glance 2013 and UNESCO "Teachers and Educational Quality: Monitoring Global Needs for 2015" (2006).

16. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014 Data primarily from A. Gelli and R. Daryanani. “Are School Feeding Programs in Low Income Settings Sustainable?” (2013). Original data were annual costs, so totals were divided by 200 days to estimate average cost per school meal.

17. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014 Costs of School Feeding and Primary Education Per Child Chart from Aulo Gelli, Partnership for Child Development; International Food Policy Research Institute

18. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014 Ratio of Cost of School Feeding to Cost of Basic Education per Child Chart from Aulo Gelli, Partnership for Child Development; International Food Policy Research Institute

19. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014 Data primarily from C. Harper, L. Wood, and C. Mitchell. “The Provision of School Food in 18 Countries.” School Food Trust. (2008).

20. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014 Data primarily from C. Harper, L. Wood, and C. Mitchell. “The Provision of School Food in 18 Countries.” School Food Trust. (2008).

21. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014 School Nutrition Standards and Obesity Concerns CountryFood-Based Standards or GuidelinesNutrient Based Standards or GuidelinesGovernment Concerned about Obesity England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland Ireland France Spain Italy Germany* Sweden Finland Hong Kong Japan Canada USA Australia Brazil Chile Ghana India South Africa* Kenya Light Green = Yes White = No *Has nutritional standards but not specified as food or nutrients based Data primarily from C. Harper, L. Wood, and C. Mitchell. “The Provision of School Food in 18 Countries.” School Food Trust. (2008).

22. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014 Responses to Financial Crisis Greece: philanthropies and government programs are providing school food, including take-home rations in targeted areas where children are living in food insecure families Portugal: children living in municipalities worst affected by the financial crisis are receiving meals on school holidays Spain: offering free, rather than subsidized, lunches to the 12,000 children eligible previously for low- cost meals D. Bundy and L. Schultz. “Next time it could be you: Why we should all care about International School Meals Day.” Investing in Health: News and Views in Healthy Development. Worldbank.org. March 2014.Worldbank.org.

23. Presentation by Donald Bundy to the All Party Parliamentary Group on School Meals, in London; March 4, 2014 Responses to Financial Crisis Scotland: in pilots, coverage increased from 53% to 75% of children in the first three years of school; target is that all children will have the option of a free meal by Jan 2015 United States: in 2007, 59% of publicly provided school meals served to children who met the eligibility criteria for free/reduced price meals; by 2013 the proportion had increased to 70.5%. D. Bundy and L. Schultz. “Next time it could be you: Why we should all care about International School Meals Day.” Investing in Health: News and Views in Healthy Development. Worldbank.org. March 2014.Worldbank.org.