1. Chapter 1 How early civilizations came to exist on the American continent 3 Ancient cultures –Native Americans –West Africa –European

2. Beringia Land Bridge Ice Age Beringia Land Bridge Hunters and Gather’s (Nomadic)

3. Civilization The settling down of a peoples and to begin forming a distinct culture unique to that group of people

4. There are three basic civilizations that formed on the continent Maya Aztec Inca

5. South America Mountain Dwelling Passive No threat to self preservation

6. Maya Yucatan Peninsula Sea Faring people Passive

7. Aztec Mexico Valley Region Desert climate Aggressive Ancestors of the southwest Indians

8. Culture Those influences that affect the development of ourselves as we mature into an adult

9. Native American Cultural Influences Trade – Barter vs. Monetary Land - Ownership Religion – Spiritual vs. Supreme Being Social Organizations – Kinship Division of Labor

10. West African influence

11. 3 Basic Kingdoms Songhai Benin Kongo

12. West African Culture Family and government Religion Livelihood Slave Labor

13. Family and Government Lineage

14. Slave Labor Slaves could be freed - Marriage - Adoption

15. European Influence

16. Social Order Hierarchy Nuclear Family

17. Christianity Shapes Europe Crusades Reformation – Martin Luther 95 Thesis

18. Changes invade Europe Shipping – Caravel Compass Prince Henry the Navigator

19. Renaissance (Rebirth) The renaissance became the biggest contributor of the changes that were on the horizon for Europe

20. Explorers Begin the Crossings

21. Columbus’s Voyage Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria Search for Gold Gives Spain a foothold on the new world

22. Impact on the Native Peoples Colonization Resistance to conquest Disease brought to the new world Slave labor force becomes embedded

23. Impact on Europeans

24. Columbian Exchange Trade goods produced in Europe for goods produced in America Beginnings of the triangular trade used in slave transportatio n to the new world

25. Treaty of Tordesillas Divides the new world into two parts Spain everything west of the line Portugal everything east of the line