2. Responding to a hazard
When a hazard event occurs, it disrupts economic and social life often immediately and totally. The Park model describes a sequence of three phases following such an event.
Danny O’Callaghan Kingdown Community School Warminster

3. The MODEL Hazard impacts on Human systems (after Park 1991)
Improvement
Quality of Life. Level of Economic Activity. Social Stability Communications / service level
Normality
Deterioration
Disruption
Recovery
1. Explain the y axis (criteria are shown) 2. Explain the X axis. (stage of the hazard)
Search Rescue Care
Rebuild
Temporary housing services
Relief
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
Pre-Disaster
Hours - days
Days - Weeks
Weeks - Years
The pattern of change in various indicators at different phases of the hazard.

4. The hazard event
Improvement
Quality of Life. Level of Economic Activity. Social Stability Communications / service level
Normality
Deterioration
Disruption
Recovery
1. Explain the y axis (criteria are shown) 2. Explain the X axis. (stage of the hazard)
Search Rescue Care
Rebuild
Temporary housing services
Relief
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
Pre-Disaster
Hours - days
Days - Weeks
Weeks - Years
Relief and rehabilitation often with the help of outside agencies

5. The Nature of recovery is related to :
The need to reduce Vulnerability
The desire to increase self reliance
Goal of restoring normality as soon as possible
Bishop V (1998) Hazards and Responses Collins
During the RELIEF phase teams arrive from outside the immediate area, to help with search, rescue and care operations. Urgent medical supplies, rescue equipment, clothing and food may be flown in.
Dunn et al (2009) Edexcel A2 Geography Philip Allan Updates
The rehabilitation phase might last for several weeks or months. Actions are designed to restore physical and community structures. Rehabilitation is more complex and requires assessment of needs and coordinated planning of resources.
Dunn et al (2009) Edexcel A2 Geography Philip Allan Updates
Reconstruction is the phase during which permanent changes are introduced to restore quality of life and economic stability to the original level or even better.
Dunn et al (2009) Edexcel A2 Geography Philip Allan Updates