1. TELEMATIC TEACHING PROJECT
Climate and Weather

2. GLOBAL AIR CIRCULATION
High and Low pressures
Circulation patterns

3. HIGH AND LOW PRESSURES

4. GLOBAL AIR CIRCULATION PATTERN
Polar high
Very cold
Decending air
HIGH PRES
Warm & cold
air meet
LOW PRES
Western winds
Tropical
easterlies
Very hot
Ascending air
LOW PRES
Air from
Equator sinks
HIGH PRES
Winds deflect to the RIGHT in NH and to the LEFT in SH

5. MID LATTITUDE CYCLONES
Cold & warm fronts
Stages
Weather changes

6. MID LATTITUDE CYCLONES: CONCEPTS
WARM FRONT
COLD FRONT

7. MIDLATTITUDE CYCLONE: DEVELOPMENT
1 INITIAL STAGE
2 DEVELOPMENT STAGE
3 MATURE STAGE
4 OCCLUSION
FAMILY OF CYCLONES

8. Wind rotation clockwise
MID-LATTITUDE CYCLONE
Cold front
Warm
sector
Warm front
Cold
sector
Isobar L
Wind rotation clockwise

9. Weak pressure gradient
WEATHER CHANGES COLD FRONT
Weak pressure gradient
Isobars far
Cold front
NW Wind
SW Wind
Warm front
Steep pres gradient
Isobars close

10. WEATHER CHANGES: COLD FRONT
M o v e m e n t o f c y c l o n e
NW-wind
High temp
Few/no clouds
No precipitation HP
SW-wind
Low temp
High cloud cover
Precipitation LP LP

11. TROPICAL
CYCLONES
Characteristics
Stages
How managed

12. TROPICAL CYCLONES CHARACTERISTICS
Equator/Ewenaar
From EAST to WEST
EYE
No wind, rain
& Clouds
OCCUR
Tropics
Ocean
Further - 5°
Away from equator
DESTRUCTION
Storm winds
Torrential rain
Flooding
DISSIPATES
No Moisture
No warm air
Friction
Turns EAST at 30°

13. TROPICAL CYCLONE: DEVELOPMENT
INITIAL
pressure ABOVE hPa
IMMATURE
Pressure BELOW
1 000 hPa
MATURE
pressure WELL BELOW
1 000hPa
DISSI-PATION
pressure RISES

14. TROPICALCYCLONE - MANAGEMENT

15. TROPICAL CYCLONES NAME Alphabet Andrew Bonny Carl Debora ORIGEN
In tropics
OCEANS
Not nearer
than 5° from
equator
MOVEMENT
From E na W
Away from
Equator
Turns east
at 30°
DESTRUC-
TION
Storm winds
Very hard
rain
Flooding
IN EYE
No :
Wind
Clouds
Rain
WEATHER
Before eye
During eye
After eye
DISSIPA-
TION
Over land
No Moisture
No Warm air
Friction
MANAGED
Sand bags
Early warning
Track storm
Services
Inform people
Evacuation

16. EXAMINATION QUESTION Coriolis force Warm water Moisture Land
Tropical
easterlies
Coriolis force
Warm water
Moisture
Land
No warm water
Friction
Give ONE similarity between Hurricanes and Tropical cyclones on the map.
Explain the point of origin of both hurricanes and tropical cyclones on the map.
Why do these cyclones move from east to west?
Why do tropical cyclones weaken as they move over Madagascar.
Why is the impact of tropical cyclones more severe in developing countries?

17. REGIONAL CLIMATE
Line thunderstorms
Berg winds

18. WARM MOIST AIR COLD DRY AIR
LINE THUNDERSTORMS
MOI STURE FRONT
Cold Benguela
Warm Mozambique
WARM MOIST AIR
COLD DRY AIR H H

19. HEIGHT OF INVERSION

20. High pressure in interior
SOUTH AFRICAN BERGWIND
Anti clockwise circulation H
High pressure in interior
Danger: Veldfires
Descending air heated
Warm dry wind at coast L
Low pressure over sea

21. EXAMINATION QUESTION SUBSIDES - WARMER WARM & DRY – FROM INTERIOR DRY
Name the high pressure cell visible on the diagram.
During what season do berg winds affect the weather of South Africa?
How does the wind in the diagram affect the weather along the coast of SA?
Explain why these weather conditions mentioned in question 3 occur.
Name the environmental hazard associated with berg wind conditions.
How are berg winds terminated (ended)?

22. VALLEY
CLIMATES
Aspect
Inversions

23. VALLEY CLIMATES ASPECT (SH)
PERPENDICULAR
NORTH
SOUTH
WARMER
NO SNOW
SHADOW ZONE
SNOW
COLDER

24. I N V E R S I O N S WARM AIR INSOLATION Radiation faster if no clouds
During day – land heated
In night surface cools off
Radiation faster if no clouds
Air close to surface- cooler
Cold air decends
WARM AIR
POLUTED AIR
TRAPPED

25. URBAN
CLIMATES
Characteristics of urban climate
Heat Islands

26. CHARACTERISTICS OF CITY CLIMATES

27. Why are cities warmer than rural areas?
MOTORS
CONCRETE
INDUSTRIES
GLASS
BUILDINGS

28. EXAMINATION QUESTION What is a heat island?
Which part of the city is experiencing the highest temperature?
How have peoples lives been changed by heat islands.
Whet can be done to reduce high temperatures in cities?

29. SYNOPTIC
WEATHER
MAPS
Station models
Interpretation

30.  WEATHER STATION MODEL 20 18 N S E W WIND DIRECTION TEMPERATURE
DEW POINT TEMPERATURE
WIND SPEED
10 Knots
15 Knots
5 Knots

31. SYNOPTIC WEATHER MAPS

33. TRANSITIONAL PAGE

34. TRANSITIONAL PAGE