1. March 2 nd, 2009 Anthony FerrignoMechanical Engineering James LukerMechanical Engineering Quang TranMechanical Engineering Philip MarinoMechanical Engineering Jerin JamesMechanical Engineering Advised by: Dr. Bradley Layton

2.  Introduction  Design Criteria  Frame Progress  Aeroshell Progress  Energy Analysis  Budget  Project Timeline  Societal and Environmental Impact 2

3.  Problem  Future rise in car prices.  Global depletion of gasoline  carbon emissions  2009 Dragon Wagon  Affordable to consumers  Promotes health  Zero Emissions

4.  Satisfy all ASME safety requirements for the 2009 HPVC.  Achieve a top speed of 35 mph or greater.  Accelerate from 0-35 mph in less than 16.3 seconds.  Decelerate from 35-0 mph in less than 13 meters.  Have a turning radius of less than 4.5 meters.  Accommodate two riders comfortably.  Have a total cost of under $3000

5.  Finalized Finite Element Analysis  Steel  Titanium  Titanium (available diameters and wall thickness)  Ordered Material  Began Construction 5

6.  Steel:  O.Ds: 2.5”, 1.5”  Wall thickness: 0.1”, 0.054”  Max Stress: 17,047 psi  Max Deflection (y direction): 0.05”  Weight: 46.39 lbs  Safety Factor: 3.06  Titanium:  O.Ds: 2.0”, 1.5”  Wall thickness: 0.065”, 0.039”, 0.125  Max Stress: 22,169 psi  Max Deflection (y direction): 0.17”  Weight: 13.52 lbs  Safety Factor: 3.21  Titanium (available):  O.Ds: 2.5”, 1.5”  Wall thickness: 0.07”, 0.054”  Max Stress: 23,502 psi  Max Deflection (y direction): 0.14”  Weight: 14.91 lbs  Safety Factor: 3.08 6

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9.  Finalized computer model  ProEngineer  Finished analysis (CFD)  Fluent Flowizard  Computed drag coefficient  Material selection 9

10.  Inputs:  Density of air: 1.23 kg/m 3  Fluid velocity: 25 mph  Cross sectional area: 0.25 m 2  Outputs:  Pressure Distribution  Drag Force  Drag Coefficient: 10

11.  Case 1: Aeroshell does not cover steering system  Results: ▪ Drag Force: 7.2 N ▪ Drag Coefficient: C d =0.4  Case 2: Aeroshell extended under vehicle, covering steering system  Results: ▪ Drag Force: 6.8 N ▪ Drag Coefficient: C d =0.35 11

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14. 14 E Transportation = E Acceleration + E Drag + E Gravity E A = ∫m(t)v(t)a(t)dt E G = mg Δ h= ∫mg sinθ (t)v(t)dt (θ > 0, uphill only) E D = E INT + E WH + E AERO = ∫mF INT v(t)dt+ ∫mgC r v(t)dt+ ∫ ρ C D Av 2 (t)dt E A = ∫m(t)v(t)a(t)dt E G = mg Δ h= ∫mg sinθ (t)v(t)dt (θ > 0, uphill only) E D = E INT + E WH + E AERO = ∫mF INT v(t)dt+ ∫mgC r v(t)dt+ ∫ ρ C D Av 2 (t)dt The vehicle cases are as follows: 1.Steel Frame (Ideal Case) with Aero shell Design 1 (C d = 0.4) 2.Steel Frame (Ideal Case) with Aero shell Design 2 (C d = 0.35) 3.Titanium Frame (Available Case) with Aero shell Design 1 (C d = 0.4) 4.Titanium Frame (Available Case) with Aero shell Design 2 (C d = 0.35)

15. 15 Case 1Case 2Case 3Case 4 E acceleration (J)24789.49 23041.32 E wheels (J)1519.91 1412.72 E drag (J)1920.481680.421920.481680.42 E total (J)28229.8827989.8226374.5226134.46 Energy/Distance (J/m)221.36219.47206.81204.93 Scenario 1 – Sprint Constant acceleration 0-35 mph 16.3 seconds Flat surface

16. 16 Scenario 2 – Long Distance Constant velocity (a=0) 35 mph 1 mile Flat surface Case 1Case 2Case 3Case 4 E acceleration (J)0.00 E wheels (J)19179.37 17826.83 E drag (J)48480.6042420.5248480.6042420.52 E total (J)67659.9761599.9066307.4360247.35 Energy/Distance (J/m)42.0438.2841.2037.44

17. 17 J/mWeightStrengthDeflection Totals Case 11145 23 Case 22145 28 Case 34543 50 Case 45543 55 Weight5412 Scale: 1,2,3,4,51 = least desirable5 = most desirable

18. 18 Titanium Joe Item No. ItemPrice/UnitQty.Price 6AL-4V 0.063" x 11.500" x 24.500" Sheet $121.411 Tubing 96" x 2.5" x 0.070" 3Al-2.5V Welded $455.041 Tubing 60" x 2.5" x 0.070" 3Al-2.5V Welded $61.181 Tubing 96" x 1.5" x 0.054" 3Al-2.5 Seamless $312.001 Tubing 60" x 1.5" x 0.054" 3Al-2.5 Seamless $195.001 6AL-4V 0.093" Diameter Filler Rods $100.001 FiberglassSupply.com Item No. ItemPrice/UnitQty.Price C42-0825Style 112, 2.1 oz/yd^2, plain weave fabric$4.9310$49.30 E13-3535General Purpose Resin$34.862$69.72 N07-1316#306B Mold Sealer$61.181 Additional Materials Item No. ItemPrice/UnitQty.Price Zote Foam$19.655 $98.25 TOTAL COST: $1,523.08

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20.  Societal  Consumer costs for an automobile will decrease  Time Conservation ▪ Commuting Time ▪ Decrease in traffic congestion  Physical Fitness ▪ Heart disease ▪ Moderate exercise everyday 20

21.  Environmental  Reduction of Carbon emissions ▪ The average passenger car emits 11,450 pounds of carbon dioxide per year everyday ▪ A conventional car engine produces carbon dioxide and other green house gasses.  Decrease Consumption of Fossil Fuel ▪ Supply of fossil fuels will become scarce in the next 40 years. 21

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