1. Sudan Conflict & Civil War

2. A. The Background President—__________ Capital—____________ Civil War: The Sudanese government under ________________ (of North Sudan) was in a bloody civil war with Sudan People’s Liberation Army of the South. The Sudan ____________________ wanted South Sudan to be independent. 2005 Ceasefire: The North & the South signed a ceasefire in 2005, in which they agreed to stop fighting and try to work out a peace between them. (____________________officially became its own country in 2011) Darfur (west Sudan) left out: The people in west Sudan, which is also known as __________, were left out of the peace process.

3. B. A Little More SLA & JEM of Darfur rebel (they’re black Africans; mostly farmers) Sudan Liberation Army/Justice and Equality Movement The people of Darfur want a role in the ____________________, but the Sudanese government, located in the capital of Khartoum, doesn’t want them to have that. And this is where the genocide begins… Government Responds with Janjaweed (they’re Arabs; mostly nomadic) These are government __________ forces that began a program of ethnic cleansing. Genocide: (300,000 dead, 3 million displaced) Government Denial The Government of Sudan does not admit to helping the _______________. U.N. & U.S. declare this genocide, but… Sudanese Government does not want government intervention African Union: The African Union has thousands of soldiers present

4. C. Sudan Today 2009 arrest warrant: Bashir Indicted for __________, __________, and ____________________ Arrest warrant issued in __________ International criminal court does not _______________ him One judge writes a _______________ opinion 2010—JEM peace w/government (from Wikipedia) “The Sudanese government and the JEM signed a ceasefire agreement in February 2010, with a tentative agreement to pursue further peace. The JEM has the most to gain from the talks and could see semi-autonomy much like South Sudan. However, talks have been disrupted by accusations that the Sudanese army launched raids and air strikes against a village, violating the February agreement. The JEM, the largest rebel group in Darfur, has said they will boycott further negotiations.”

5. C. Sudan Today (Continued) 2011—South Sudan splits from the North South Sudan became an ________________ state on 9 July 2011, following a referendum that passed with 98.83% of the vote.[11][12] It is a United Nations member state,[13][14] a member state of the African Union,[15] and a member state of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development. South: Rich in Oil!!! There are still __________ over the sharing of oil revenue since about 80% of it comes from the South. Refugees Massive amounts of people forced across borders!!!!

6. D. Current Status (Summary from Wikipedia) “Following a donors conference in Doha that pledged US$3.6 billion to help rebuild Darfur. The conference was criticised in the region that the Sudan Liberation Army (Minni Minnawi) rebels had taken. According to the group's Hussein Minnawi, Ashma village and another town and were close to the South Darfur capital of Nyala.[152] On 27 April, following weeks of fighting, a coalition that included the SLA and JEM, said that they had taken Um Rawaba in North Kordofan, outside Darfur, and that they were headed for Khartoum to topple the president. The head of an SLA faction, Abdel Wahid Mohammed al-Nur, called it "a significant shift in the war".[153] An estimated 300,000 were displaced by violence from January through May.[154] In North Darfur, the Rezeigat tribe and the Beni Hussein group signed a peace deal during July after an eruption of violence between the two groups killed hundreds. Later in July, the Misseriya and Salamat Arab tribes announced a ceasefire after battles killed over 200 people. The UN security counsel also announced it would review its UNAMID mission.[154] During the first week of August, the Maalia claimed the Rezeigat had killed five members of their tribe in the southeastern region of Adila. They responded by seizing 400 Rizeigat cattle on 6 August. Community leaders intervened to prevent escalation of the conflict. When the Maalia failed to return the cattle, heavy violence broke out on 10 August.[155] The Rezeigat attacked, and reportedly destroyed, a Maaliya compound.[154] In the battle, 77 Maaliya and 36 Rezeigat were killed, and another 200 people were injured.[155] Both sides said Land Cruiser vehicles were used in the battle. The Maaliya accused the Rezeigat of attacking and burning villages while employing "heavy weaponry". On 11 August, the fighting spread to several other areas in southeastern Darfur. The violence reportedly arose over a land dispute”