1. Theme: “London”  G G G Grammar: Passive Voice. PPPPurpose: The improvement of oral speech in English.

2. Course of lesson: 1.G rammar: “Passive Voice.” 2.T ext: “London.” 3.S lides: ”Round London.” 4.“ Westminster Abbey.”

3. Grammar. Passive voice “be done”

4.  This house was built in 1930  This is passive sentence. Compare:  Somebody built this house in 1930. (active)  This house was built in 1930. (passive)  We often prefer the passive when it is not so important who or what did the action. In this example, it is not so important who built the house.  In a passive sentence, if you want to say who did or what caused the action, use by:  - This house was built by my grandfather. (my grandfather built it)  - Have you ever been bitten by a dog? (Has a dog ever bitten you?)

5.  b) In passive sentences we use the correct form of be (is/are/was/were/has been etc.) the past participle:  (be) done (be) cleaned (be) damaged (be) built (be) seen  For irregular past participles (done/seen/written etc.) see Appendix for the passive of the present and past tenses see Unit 43  C) The passive infinitive is be done /be cleaned/be built etc. We use the infinitive after modal verbs (will, can, must etc.) and a number of other verbs (for example: have to, be going to, and want to). Compare.

6.  Active: We can solve this problem.  Passive: This problem can be solved.  - The new hotel will be opened next year.  - George might be sent to America by his company in August.  - The music at the party was very loud and could be heard from far away. -This room is going to be painted next week.  - Go away! I want to be left alone.

7.  There is a past infinitive form: have been done/have been cleaned/have been built etc.:  Active: Somebody should have cleaned the windows yesterday.  Passive: The windows should have been cleaned yesterday.  - My bicycle has disappeared. It must have been stolen.  - She wouldn't have been injured if she had been wearing a seat-belt.  - The weather was awful. The football match ought to have been cancelled.

9. Exercise №1 Make up sentence in Passive voice 1.He stole a lot of money from the shop. 2.By six o'clock they had finished the work. 3.At twelve o'clock the workers were loading the trucks. 4.By three o'clock the workers had loaded the trucks. 5.We send our daughter to rest in the south every year. 6.They will show this film on TV. 7.They are building a new concert hall in our street. 8.I bought potatoes yesterday. 9.We shall bring the books to­morrow. 10.They are repairing the clock now.

10.  11. They sell milk in this shop.  12. I have translat­ed the whole text.  13. They broke the window last week.  14. When I came home, they had eaten the sweets.  15. We shall do the work in the evening.  16. He wrote this book in the 19th century.  17. They were playing tennis from four till five.  18. They have made a number of important experiments in this lab­oratory.  19. Livingstone explored Central Africa in the 19th century.  20. By the middle of autumn we had planted all the trees.  21. They will stage this play at the beginning of next season.  22. They have forgotten the story.  23. Has anybody explained the rules of the game to you?  24. They haven't brought back my skates.

11. Exercise №2 Translate in to English 1111. Ее часто посылают на почту. 2222. В прошлом году ее послали в Кембридж. 3333. Его пошлют в Гар­вард. 4444. За ней всегда посылают. 5555. За ней посла­ли вчера. 6666. За мной пошлют завтра. 7777. Их всегда приглашают на день рождения Ани. 8888. Летом Ко­лю отвезут на дачу.  9 9 9 9. Об этом фильме много гово­рили. 11110. В музее нам показали много прекрасных картин. 11111. Эту книгу очень часто спрашивают.

12. Exercise №3 Make up sentence in Passive voice 1.Irene's husband brought her some beautiful shells from the south. 2.The explorers gave the newspaper reporters a long interview. 3.3. Mr. Wil­son will teach you English. 4.4. The doctor ordered me a month's rest from studying. 5. 5. Tom gave Nick a book for his birthday. 6. 6. Our mother tells us sto­ries every evening. 7. 7. Lydia will show you a new book of pictures. 8. 8. A boy showed her the way. 9. 9. They will send us a box of fruit. 10. 10. Five or six small chil­dren followed them.

13. 11. In summer the boys often drive the horses to the fields. 12. Ivan Susanin led the Poles into the thickest part of the forest. 13. The waves carried the boat away. 14. We shall do the translation in the evening. 15. They water the flow­ers regularly. 16. You promised me these books long ago. 17. Bessie's father gave her a complete set of Walter Scott's works. 18. A marble pavilion protects the house. 19. The boys will paint the roof of the house. 20. Tom Sawyer whitewashed the fence. 21. Her daughters gave her three beautiful dishes as a birthday present.

14. London Text:

15.  London is the capital of Great Britain. It is one of the biggest cities of the world. Its population is more than 11 million people. This is the heart and soul of the country. The most outstanding characteristic of London is the number of historical sites, so the city offers visitors a journey through centuries of history. You can really «walk through the ages» there.  London was founded in the first century A. D. by the Romans. They left London in the 5th century and the city was abandoned. However, three centuries later London became a lively trading center again. According to historians it was in the 11-th century that London became the capital of England.

16. AAAA palace and abbey were built at Westminster by Edward the Confessor. The Norman period was marked by the construction of the Tower, old St. Paul's Cathedral and a large number of churches and monasteries. MMMMedieval London gained an important role of a trading center, which resulted in the fact that in 1215 its citizens won the right to elect their own leader or Lord of Mayor. While Tudors and Stuarts were ruling the country, London began to spread beyond the city walls. AAAA terrible disaster strike in 1666 when the Great Fire destroyed three-quarters of the city. Sir Christopher Wren rebuilt St. Paul's Cathedral and designed 51 churches. The rebuilding of London followed the medieval street plan, but the old wooden houses were took down and replaced by brick buildings so that the future fire risk would be reduced.

17.  The Houses of Parliament — the seat of British Parliament, which is officially known as the Pal­ace of Westminster.  The first building was constructed as early as the 11th century (the magnificent Westminster Hall was built between 1097— 1099 by William Rufus). Most of the old palace was destroyed in a fire in 1834. The present Houses of Parliament were com­ pleted in 1865. The Houses of Parliament comprise the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The division of Parliament into two Houses goes back as 700 years.  The West End is the centre, of London. There are historical palaces, museums, beautiful parks, large department stores, hotels, restaurants, the­atres and concert halls in this part of London. One of the most beautiful palaces is Buckingham Pal­ace, the official residence of the Queen. The Palace takes its name from Buckingham House which was built in 1703 as the home of the Duke of Bucking­ham and then bought by George III in 1762. Today the Queen lives at the Palace for only part of the year and when she is in her residence the Royal Stan­dard is flown. Although the main palace is not open to the public items from the Royal Collection can be seen at the Queen's Gallery.

18. TTTThe oldest of all the royal residences in London is the Tower of London. TTTThe Tower today bears the official title of "Her Majesty's Palace and fortress of the Tower of Lon­don". FFFFounded by William the Conqueror in 1078 the fortress was enlarged several times. Now it is a museum, which houses the national collection of armour and the Crown Jewels. For many centuries the Tower has been ft fortress, the Royal residence, the Royal Mint., the first Royal Observatory. But it is perhaps most famous for being a prison. TTTThe Yeomen of the Guard (Beefeaters) were orig­inally formed to be a body-guard for Henry VII. They still wend the Tudor uniform chosen by the King and now give guided tours of the Tower. TTTThe ravens whose forefathers used to live in the Tower still live there. The Yeomen Raven Master is responsible for feeding and caring lor the ravens at the Tower. There is a legend that it' the ravens disappear the Tower will fail. TTTThe broad Mull leads from Buckingham Palace to Trafalgar.Square. Trafalgar Square, named to commemorate Nelson’s great naval victory of l805, is dominated by the Nelson's Column. On its pedestal there are four bronze reliefs cast from captured French cannon, representing scenes from the bat­tles of St. Vincent, the Nile, Copenhagen and Tra­falgar. The bronze lions at the corners of the ped­estals are the work of Landseer

19. FFFFrom Trafalgar Square it is only a short way to Piccadilly Circus. In the centre of Piccadilly Cir­cus is a bronze fountain. It was designed by Sir Al­fred Gilbert in 1893. DDDDowning Street, 10 is the official residence of the Prime Minister. LLLLondon is very rich in art galleries. The Nation­al Gallery is one of the most important picture gal­leries in the world. The Tate Gallery is the right and necessary complement to the National Gallery as it contains modern and contemporary works par­ticularly by English and French masters. CCCCultural life of London would be impossible with­out the Royal Albert Hall, the Royal Festival Hall, the National Theatre and a great number of muse­ums: the British Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum,, the Geological Museum, the Museum of Mankind, Natural History Museum and others. IIIIf you go to the east of the City, you'll find your­self in the East End. This is an industrial part of London. The Port of London is also in the East End. AAAA great amount of space in London is devoted to parks and gardens. Most of them used to be private gardens or hunting forests of kings and queens. Later they were transformed into their present de­sign. Today nothing could be more relaxing and peaceful than a walk in a beautiful park.

20. 1111. What is the population of London? 2222. What parts does London consist of? 3333. What part of London can be called its centre? 1. What masterpieces of architecture in London do you know? 5555. Who is the architect of St. Paul's Cathedral? 6666. What is the historical value of the Tower of London? 7777. What is the residence of the Queen? 8888. What does a legend about the ravens in the Tower say? 9999. What events does Trafalgar Square commemorate? 11110. What gallery has a vast collection of modern and contemporary works by English and French masters?

21. IIIII. Choose the right answer. 1111. London became extremely prosperous dur­ing... aaaa) the reign of King Alfred. bbbb) the 16th century. cccc) the 19th century. 2222. The construction of London Underground be­gan... aaaa) in the 18th century. bbbb) in the 20th century. cccc) during Queen Victoria's reign. 3333. The heart of London is... aaaa) Westminster. bbbb) the West End. cccc) the City.

22. 4. Westminster's construction was completed in... a) the 10th century. b) the 13th century. c) The 18th century. 5. The official residence of the Queen is... a) Kensington Palace. a b) Buckingham Palace. c) The Tower of London. 6. The oldest royal residence is... a) Buckingham Palace. b) The Tower of London. c) Westminster Abbey. 7. The ravens in the Tower of London are taken care of because... a) They are very old. b) They are very rare. c) Of a legend.

23. a) a) The height of her power. b) b) The Houses of Parliament. c) c) The Royal Standard is flown. d) d) d) d) Trafalgar Square. e) e) The Prime Minister. f) f) Prosperous in the 16th century. g) g) Destroyed the whole of the City. h) h) In Westminster. i) i) The first Royal Observatory.  III.  III. Match the two halves.  1.  1. The city became extremely...  2.  2. The Great Fire...  3.  3. In the 19th century England was at...  4.  4. Almost all all the monarchs have been crowned…  5.  5. The sent of the British Parliament is...  6.  6. When the Queen is in residence...  7.  7. The Tower of London used to be...  8.  8. The Mail leads to...  9.  9. Downing Street. 10 is the residence of…

24. ROUND LONDON Sightseeing Tour

25. WELCOME TO LONDON

26. Sights of London The Tower of London Tower Bridge The Houses of Parliament St. Paul’s Cathedral Big Ben Buckingham Palace Westminster Abbey

27. The Tower of London The Tower of London is one of the world’s most famous buildings, and now welcomes two million visitors each year. It has been a palace, a prison, a royal mint and even a zoo! Today the 18 acre riverside site is home to the Crown Jewels, (sometimes popularly known as Beefeaters, who are the traditional guards at the tower) and the legendary ravens.

28. Tower Bridge Tower Bridge was completed in 1894. Now, in a most imaginative modern development, visitors can once again venture inside the bridge to find one of London's most unusual and exciting attractions, video presentations and interactive computers, are used to bring the bridge to life.

29. The Houses of Parliament Home of the British Government, the building is actually called the Palace of Westminster, but is more commonly known as the Houses of Parliament. These are the elected House of Commons and the House of Lords, made up of hereditary and life peers

30. Big Ben Possibly the most famous clock face and chimes in the world, Big Ben is actually the name of the biggest bell (13.5 tons) inside The Clock Tower (320ft) which forms part of the Houses of Parliament. Built in 1858/9 the bell was named after one Sir Benjamin Hall and when it was cast it was Britain’s heaviest bell.

31. St. Paul’s Cathedral Work on this, the most impressive church in London began in 1675 to a design by SIR CHRISTOPHER WREN. It was built to replace old St Paul's which was destroyed by the GREAT FIRE OF LONDON in 1666. The present building has been luckier. It survived the World War II bombings which flattened a great many of the surrounding buildings.

32. Buckingham Palace Buckingham Palace is the London home of The Queen and Prince Philip. Queen Victoria was the first monarch to take up residence here after the architect John Nash transformed it from Buckingham House into a palace

33. Westminster Abbey An architectural masterpiece of the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries, Westminster Abbey. It has been the setting for every coronation since 1066 and for numerous other royal occasions. Today it is still a church dedicated to regular worship and to the celebration of great events in the life of the nation.

34. Trafalgar Square

35. There are always a lot of people and pigeons on the square. Every winter there is a big Christmas tree which is a gift from Norway in the middle of the square. On New Year’s Eve people gather around the tree. In the middle of the square there is Admiral Nelson’s Column.

36. Buckingham Palace This is the Queen’s home. It was built in 1703. There is a great collection of paintings.

37. The Queen of Great Britain The Queen of Great Britain is Elizabeth II. Her husband is Duke of Edinburgh. They have got 4 grown-up children: Prince Charles, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew and Prince Edward.

38. Westminster Abbey This is a holy place. All English kings have been crowned and buried in the church since 1308.

39. Westminster Cathedral It was built between 1895 and 1903. This is the seat of the Cardinal Archbishop and the leading Roman Catholic Church in England. Its bell tower is 84 metres high.

40. The Houses of Parliament This big palace is the most famous building in the world – the British Parliament. The building is 280 metres long. There are more than 1000 rooms.

41. Big Ben Big Ben, the big clock tower, is the symbol of London. It strikes hours.

42. Tower The Tower of London has been a fortress, a palace, an arsenal, a mint, a prison, an observatory, a zoo, the home of the Crown Jewels and a tourist attraction.

43. Imperial State Crown The Tower’s greatest treasure is the Imperial State Crown. There are 2 800 diamonds on it.

44. Beefeaters The quards of the Tower are called Beefeaters. The legend says that if the ravens leave, the Tower and the country will fall.

45. Tower Bridge The most famous bridge in London is a Tower bridge.

46. Tower Bridge Tower Bridge is a bascule-bridge. The bascules will open to let ships pass through.

47. St. Paul’s Cathedral St.Paul’s Cathedral is a famous building too. Prince Charles and Princess Diana married here in 1981.

48. Madame Tussauds Waxmuseum Here you can see famous people, good and bad, made of wax. This is Queen Elizabeth I.

49. King Henry VIII with his wives

50. Double-deckers There are big red buses called double- deckers in London. People sit upstairs and downstairs on these buses. Tourists like them very much.

51. Taxis Taxis in London are old- fashioned black cars.

52. Telephone booths From here you can call your friends.

53. River Thames Thames flows through London. The River Thames is 338 km long. It is 245 m wide here. Even big seaships can visit London.

54. Masterpieces of architecture in London. Buckingham Palace The Tower of London St. Paul’s Cathedral Westminster Abbey The Tower Bridge Big Ben.

55. Parts of London East End The City West End

56. Buckingham Palace

57. History of Buckingham Palace

58. Buckingham Palace in 1808

59. The history of Buckingham Palace began in 1702 when the Duke of Buckingham had it built as his London home. The Duke´s son sold the house in1761 to GeorgeIII., it was renamed “Queen´s House“ in 1774 as Queen Charlotte resided there. Queen Victoria was the first monarch to take up residence in Buckingham palace in 1837. The history of Buckingham Palace began in 1702 when the Duke of Buckingham had it built as his London home. The Duke´s son sold the house in1761 to GeorgeIII., it was renamed “Queen´s House“ in 1774 as Queen Charlotte resided there. Queen Victoria was the first monarch to take up residence in Buckingham palace in 1837. It was Queen Victoria´s death tahat the Palace metamorphosed into today´s familiar landmark. It was Queen Victoria´s death tahat the Palace metamorphosed into today´s familiar landmark. More than 600 rooms, including 52 Royal and guest bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices and 78 bathrooms. More than 600 rooms, including 52 Royal and guest bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices and 78 bathrooms.

60. VictoriaBorn:1819Died:1901Reigned:1837-1901 The only child of Edward, The only child of Edward, Duke of Kent(son GeorgeIII.) Duke of Kent(son GeorgeIII.) and the last member of the Hanoverian dynasty. -In 1840 married her first cousin Prince Albert. Prince Albert. -Gave birth to 9 chidren: 4 boys and 5girls. -The longest reigning Brithis monarch for over sixty-three years. for over sixty-three years..

61. GeorgeIII.Born:1738Died:1820Reigned:1760-1820 -Succeed his grandfather George II., following the death in 1751 of his father, Frederick Prince of Wales. Frederick Prince of Wales. -In 1761 married Princess Charlotte. -Bought Buckingham Hause (now Palace) following his marriege to Princess Charrlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz in 1761. of Mecklenburg-Strelitz in 1761.

62. Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Born:1738Died:1820Married:1761 -Daughter of Charles, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Mecklenburg-Strelitz -Gave birth 15 children: 9 boys and 6 girls -Most of her collection and library was sold in 1819 for the support of her 4 younger surviving daughter.

63. James I. Born:1566Died:1625 Reigned:1567-1625(in Scotland) 1603-1625(in England) 1603-1625(in England) -The only child of Marry, Queen of Scots and Lord Darnley. Scots and Lord Darnley. -Married Anne of Denmark in 1589; their children included Henry, their children included Henry, Prince of Wales, Charles I. and the „Winter Queen“ Elizabeth and the „Winter Queen“ Elizabeth of Bohemia. of Bohemia. -On Elizabeth I.´s death in1603, he united the crowns of England he united the crowns of England and Scotland and became and Scotland and became the first monarch of the Stuart dynasty the first monarch of the Stuart dynasty

64. Buckingham palace TODAY

65. Buckingham palace is of the Brithis monarch in London. Today it is the Queen´s official residence with 755 rooms. It is one of the few working royal palaces remaining in the world today. During August and September when The Queen makes her annual visit to Scotland, the Palace´s nineteen states rooms are opened to visitors. Buckingham palace is not only home of the Queen Elizabeth II. But also the London residence of her son Charles with his wife and his sons Harry and William. The Queen has other homes, too, including Windsor castle(last set Queen) and Barmoral in Scotland. Buckingham palace is of the Brithis monarch in London. Today it is the Queen´s official residence with 755 rooms. It is one of the few working royal palaces remaining in the world today. During August and September when The Queen makes her annual visit to Scotland, the Palace´s nineteen states rooms are opened to visitors. Buckingham palace is not only home of the Queen Elizabeth II. But also the London residence of her son Charles with his wife and his sons Harry and William. The Queen has other homes, too, including Windsor castle(last set Queen) and Barmoral in Scotland. The monarch´s thrones are localed in the scarlet and gold. Throne Room used for formal photograps. From Buckingham Palace you can easily walk other great London sights including; Hauses of Parliament, Big Ben, Piccadely Circus, St. Jame´s Palace, 10 Downing Street, The Tames, Trafalgar Square and even Hard rock Cafe. The monarch´s thrones are localed in the scarlet and gold. Throne Room used for formal photograps. From Buckingham Palace you can easily walk other great London sights including; Hauses of Parliament, Big Ben, Piccadely Circus, St. Jame´s Palace, 10 Downing Street, The Tames, Trafalgar Square and even Hard rock Cafe.

66. Elizabeth II. - Today Elizabeth II.is reigning in London Born:1926 Reigned from:1952 -Elder daughter of King George VI. and Queen Elizabeth. Queen Elizabeth. -In 1947 married Prince Philip of Greece (The Prince Philip of Edinburgh); -The Prince Charles is the eldest of their four children-Crowened in Westminister Abbey on II. June 1953

67. In this picture are Charles and his simultaneous wife Camilla: Charles´s sons are William and Harry:

68. Some state rooms

69. Drawing Rooms The Blue and Green drawing rooms:

70. The Ballroom- was added by Queen Victoria

71. The Throne room- was used Elizabeth II., Duke of Edinburg at the Queen´s coronation in 1953

72. Grand Staircase 1870 Today

73. Galery of Queens and Kings

74. GeorgeII. Frederick- George IV. Prince of Wales

75. King Edward VII. King George V. King George VI. King Edward VII. King George V. King George VI.

76. Henry VII. Henrietta Maria James II. Henry VII. Henrietta Maria James II.

77. Wiliam III. George I. Caroline of Wiliam III. George I. Caroline of Ansbach

78. Augusta Wiliam IV. Albert of Saxe Augusta Wiliam IV. Albert of Saxe Princess of Princess of Wales Wales

79. Queen Alexandra Queen Mary Henry VII.

80. Anne of Denmark Charles I. CharlesII. Anne of Denmark Charles I. CharlesII.

81. Marry Anne Elizabeth I. Marry Anne Elizabeth I.

82. So, this is Buckingham Palace