1. Managing the housing stock Contrasting LEDC and MEDC policy

2. Infrastructure needs in LEDC Provisions for housing in all economic groups Affordable basic but decent with services Upgrading of the transport network Provision of more water to urban areas Electricity provision- domestic and industrial Management of solid and liquid waste Developing employment opportunities

3. The specification needs In the following lessons we will look at 2 of these issues. Housing Transport. We will then look at how a variety of cities have tried to become more sustainable in there development.

4. Objectives What are the challenges for housing?How do decision makers attempt to solve these problems What is the balance between public and private provision. How successful are these provisions

5. KEY ideas The growth of LEDC cities has created a huge need for major improvements in its infrastructure. LEDC cities are often limited in the improvements compared to MEDC Private investment plays a role

6. Community empowerment Read the case study card for Maya Bazaar slum in Austin town Bangalore. Why was the slum initially developped? Summarise the ways in which the residents have improved the slum area. In what ways have the government supported the improvements? Has the quality of life improved?

7. Housing in Bangalore A green belt area has been developed around Bangalore in an attempt to control urban sprawl, however this has created a number issues. Limited housing supply- increasing prices. Illegal occupation of green belt by people attempting to secure a foothold. New towns have been built beyond the city for example Yelankha in the north. Population has continued to increase due to the high rise apartments in areas of high bid rent to maximize earning. Pressure to develop open spaces such as parks.

8. Reservoir tanks These have been filled to build the main bus station and sports stadium 170 tanks have been filled since 1950

9. 2001 An Estimated shortage of housing of 110,000. Expected to rise to 270,000 by 2011. There is a demand for all housing types. Existing slums are been improved but new ones are constantly forming. Many middle and high income groups are also migrating

10. Middle income groups. The increase of this group has lead to the infilling in older areas, such as Fraser town. Old villas have been replaced by multi story apartment blocks Housing estates have been built by companies to house their workers

11. High income groups Prestigious builders advertise their new developments online. Opulent housing with marbel interiors, swimming pools, health and country clubs are all common Companies include- Gopalan enerprises, Silverline estates.

12. The national games village The need for more housing has lead to conflict between planners and residents. Read the article – Real estate rules. Explain how the development has: Created much needed housing Contributed to urban sprawl

13. MEDC what are the problems? DISCUSS: Social changes? Where is housing needed? Affluence? Urban sprawl? Economic exclusion

14. How has Manchester dealt with these issues? Reurbanisation- where? who? Greenbelt? Brownfield/ Greenfield Government initiatives- Compulsory purchase of unoccupied Affordable housing. New towns –Telford. Milton Keynes City reimaging-changing perceptions

15. Homework Research either Telford or Milton Keynes. Where are they located. For what reasons were they developed? Were they a success?