1. By: Anthony, Sophia, Jessica, Terrance, and Sierra

2. What is breast cancer?

3. Breast cancer is when a malignant tumor forms in the cells of the breast. The process of cell growth can go wrong creating abnormal cells that invade healthy cells in the body. This cluster of cells turn into a mass of tissue known as a tumor or a lump in the breast. These cancer cells can take over surrounding tissue by breaking off and entering the blood vessels or lymph vessels spreading to other parts of the body.

5. Common Statistics About 1 in 8 women will develop invasive breast cancer over her lifetime In 2014, estimated 232,670 new cases of invasive breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the US For women in the US, breast cancer death rates are higher than any cancer (besides lung) More common to develop in white women than African American women, except those under 45 (vice versa) In 2014, there were more than 2.8 million women with history of breast cancer (includes those being treated & finished treatment)

6. Common Statistics (cont’d) A woman’s risk doubles if a first degree relative (mother, sister, daughter) who has been diagnosed About 5-10% of breast cancers can be linked to gene mutations (BRCA1 and BRCA2) BRCA1 risk is 55-65% & BRCA2 risk is 45% About 2,360 new cases were expected to be diagnosed in men in 2014

7. Detection Most common symptom- new lump or mass -Mass painless, hard and has irregular edges can also be tender, soft, or rounded and even painful Other Signs Swelling of all or part of breast Skin irritation Breast or Nipple Pain Nipple Retraction Redness, Scaliness, or thickening of the nipple or breast skin Nipple discharge other than breast milk

8. Early Detection Women 40 yrs and older mammograms every year Women in 20s and 30s clinical breast exam every 3 years Breast exams starting in 20s Any changes should be reported to a physician High risk factor women should have an MRI and mammogram every year must have lifetime risk higher than 15% Cancer.org

9. Detection BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes Produce tumor suppressor proteins and repair damaged DNA Can be inherited from mother or father Each child who carries a mutation has 50% chance of inheriting mutation If you have family history, get tested Develop breast cancer at younger age Prophylactic surgical removal, reduces risks

10. Treatment Depending on The type of cancer you have The speed with which the cancer is growing Your general health and age at diagnosis Prior history of breast cancer Presence of female hormones or other genomic factors, such as the HER2 oncogene that makes cancer grow faster.

11. Treatment Stage 0 – treatment usually not needed Surgery is a standard. For smaller tumors, you might get a lumpectomy, in which only the abnormal cells and some of the surrounding normal tissue are removed. Some women choose a mastectomy, in which the entire breast is removed. After a mastectomy, you might choose to have breast reconstruction surgery. Mastectomy is appropriate if a lumpectomy is unable to remove all of the cancer. Radiation therapy is standard treatment after a lumpectomy. Radiation therapy attacks any abnormal cells that might have been missed and decreases the risk of cancer recurrence. Endocrine therapy with tamoxifen after surgery may also help prevent cancer from developing in the same or opposite breast. This is especially true if the tumor is estrogen receptor and/or progesterone receptor positive.

12. Risk Factors Age- about 1 out of 8 invasive breast cancers are found in women younger than 45, while about 2 out of 3 are found in women 55 or older Genetics- About 5%- 10% are thought to be hereditary. The BRCA genes are tumor suppressor genes. Cancer is more likely to develop when these genes are mutated. Family History- risk is doubled if you’ve had a direct relative diagnosed with breast cancer

13. Risk Factors Cont’d Body Weight Physical Activity Alcohol Use Smoking Hormonal Factors Radiation Exposure

14. There are many factors that can’t be changed when it comes to developing breast cancer like your genetics, being a woman, or your age. But there are different ways you can lower the risk of developing breast cancer… Prevention

15. Go to your doctor regularly Do at home breast self-exams Women 40 and over should have a mammogram every 1 year. Prevention

16. Living a healthy lifestyle is incredibly important. This includes maintaining a healthy weight, exercising, getting a full nights rest, limiting alcohol and cigarette smoking, avoiding chemicals, and reducing your radiation exposure. Taking these steps will boost your immune system keeping your body as healthy as it can be which is huge for preventing breast cancer.

17. Prevention Breastfeeding has also been proven to help lower the risk of breast cancer. If you choose to breastfeed your babies the benefits are: ●Keeping your breast cells busy by making milk all the time uses a lot of the cells energy and prevents them from forming cancer. ●You have lower estrogen levels because you have fewer menstrual cycles when breastfeeding. ●Its an incentive for a healthier lifestyle. Normally when women are breastfeeding they incorporate more nutrients into their diet and limit drinking and smoking.

18. Questions for the class 1.What are some ways you can lower the risk of developing breast cancer? 2.How often should women over 40 get a mammogram? 3.What are some common symptoms of breast cancer?

19. Sources Breastcancer.org Cancer.org CDC.org