1. Types of Joints

2. What are joints?  When two or more bones join together…you have joints. Joints are held together by bands of connective tissue called ligaments.  There are 3 main types of joints  Diarthrosis or synovial  Synarthrosis  amphiarthrosis

3. Diarthrosis  Also known as synovial  Freely moveable joints  Examples: ball and socket joints of shoulder and hip, hinge joints of elbow and knee

4. Amphiarthrosis  Slightly moveable  Examples: ribs to thoracic vertebrae  Symphysis pubis

5. Synarthrosis  Immovable joints  Examples: sutures of the cranium

6. Diseases and Abnormalities Arthritis: inflammation of the joints 2 main types: Osteoarthritis—most common, chronic, usually a result of aging or overuse Rheumatoid arthritis—autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease that affects connective tissue and joints

7. Diseases and Abnormalities

8. Bursitis—inflammation of the bursae Bursae are small fluid filled sacs that surround the joints Frequently affects joints with repetitive frequent motions such as shoulders, elbows, hips and knees

9. Fractures (Fx) Fracture=break in the bone Several types of fractures – Greenstick fx: incomplete break, common in kids

10. Simple or closed=complete break of bone with no break in skin

11. Compound or open=bone breaks and protrudes through skin

12. Impacted=broken bone ends jam into each other Comminuted=bone fragments or splinters into more than two pieces Spiral=bone twists, results in one or more breaks Depressed=broken piece of skull moves inward causing severe head injury Colles=breaking and disclocation of distal radius, causing bulge at wrist

13. Ruptured Disk=happens when pad of cartilage between vertebrae ruptures or protrudes out of place, causing pressure on spinal nerves – Also known as herniated disk or slipped disk

14. Spinal Curvatures  kyphosis: rounding of the back at the thoracic area, also known as “hunchback”

15.  Scoliosis: side to side, lateral curvature of spine

16.  Lordosis: abnormal inward curvature of lumbar region, also known as “swayback”

17.  Other abnormalities to know:  Dislocation  Sprain  Osteomyelitis  Osteoporosis