1. FINAL EXAM REVIEW Unit 3: Population and Immigration

2. 29. What do we know about population distribution in Canada? What is the term we use to describe this?

3. Population distribution, where people have chosen to live, is unique in Canada, and is called the archipelago effect. We have pockets of settlement, like islands, separated by forests, rock, prairie, tundra and mountains. The islands of population are mostly found within 200 km of the USA border or the oceans.

4. 30. How is population density measured? What is Canada’s population density?

5. Population density is measured in the number of people per km2. We have about 3.1 people per km2

6. 30. How is population density measured? What is Canada’s population density? Population density is measured in the number of people per km2. We have about 3.1 people per km2 31. How are site factors and situation factors the same? How are they different?

7. 30. How is population density measured? What is Canada’s population density? Population density is measured in the number of people per km2. We have about 3.1 people per km2 31. How are site factors and situation factors the same? How are they different? Site and situation factors are both reasons why people choose to live in a certain place. Site factors refer to the physical landscape (soil, trees, fish, rivers…) and situation factors refer to the relationship with other places (towns/cities nearby).

8. 32. Name the settlement patterns for the following people/places:

9. 32. Name the settlement patterns for the following people/places: First Nations- on good soil, near rivers for transportation, along trade routes between villages Atlantic Canada- European settlers were attracted to the same areas as First Nations, for the same reasons, and so they took over the best lands. Québec- (New France) Seigneurial System= long, narrow lots along rivers Ontario- Township System= grid pattern, square blocks of land, 100 acres each. Prairies- grid pattern, square blocks of land called sections, 640 acres each. West- where resources were found, coastal forests and fertile plains North- where gold discoveries were made during the Klondike gold rush.

10. 33. How did the industrial revolution change the way of life in Canada? How did it change the settlement or population distribution? What is the special term for this?

11. The Industrial Revolution caused Canada to change from an agricultural country with primary industries, like forestry, fishing, and mining, to an industrial country with market towns and cities. It caused the people to leave the country and move to the cities, which is called rural to urban drift, or urbanization. Now it has become a challenge for rural areas to maintain services.

12. 34. What are megacities and name some problems they have?

13. Megacities are massive urban areas that are so large that city life becomes difficult to sustain. ex. Shanghai, Mexico City… Poverty Poor water and air quality Traffic congestion Inadequate services, such as garbage removal, water, sewage and electricity Deteriorating roads, bridges, housing, …

14. 35. How are push factors and pull factors the same? How are they different? Give 2 examples of each.

15. Push and pull factors are both reasons why people choose to relocate. Push factors cause them to want to leave their country, pull factors are what draws them to another country. Push factors- lack of political/religious freedom, war, famine, poverty, climate change, natural disasters, unemployment.. Pull factors- greater economic opportunity, availability of land, reunion of families, better climate/resources, democratic political system….

16. 36. Was Canada always open- minded about multiculturalism? Give 4 examples of racist immigration policies in our past.

17. Canada was very discriminating before 1945, and used various racist immigration policies to keep people from other ethnic groups from coming to Canada. Examples: African-American farmers told they were not suited to our climate. Chinese head tax imposed, then Chinese Immigration Act of 1923 forbade entry. Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi Germany denied entry in the 1930’s. Prison camps for ethnic minorities in WW2

18. 37. Why did Canada change its mentality about immigration after 1945?

19. 1945 marked the end of WW2 and the atrocities of the Holocaust were fully understood. Canada had played a part in this racist genocide by sharing in some of the same attitudes, and began to open the doors of immigration to ethnic minorities and people in need.

20. 37. Why did Canada change its mentality about immigration after 1945? 1945 marked the end of WW2 and the atrocities of the Holocaust were fully understood. Canada had played a part in this racist genocide by sharing in some of the same attitudes, and began to open the doors of immigration to ethnic minorities and people in need. 38. Name 3 ways (classes) people can apply to immigrate to Canada.

21. 37. Why did Canada change its mentality about immigration after 1945? 1945 marked the end of WW2 and the atrocities of the Holocaust were fully understood. Canada had played a part in this racist genocide by sharing in some of the same attitudes, and began to open the doors of immigration to ethnic minorities and people in need. 38. Name 3 ways (classes) people can apply to immigrate to Canada. Family class- has relatives Refugee class- needs protection Independant class- can offer skills and $$

22. 39. What is a refugee? Give 3 examples that would qualify someone to claim refugee status.

23. People who are displaced from their home or country and must seek refuge elsewhere are called refugees. Persecuted or threatened by the government (for political views, religion, ethnic group, teacher or reporter), woman physically abused by husband (no laws to protect), child of former political leader now in prison, witness to a massacre now searched for by government…

24. 40. Approximately how many people immigrate to Canada each year? Why do we NEED immigrants to come to Canada?

25. With about 250,000 people immigrating to Canada each year, Canada can sustain its population and not lose it standard of living. Without immigrants, our birth rate is too low to sustain our population, and our standard of living would decline.

26. 41. What is a myth people commonly believe about immigration? Why is this a MYTH and not a true reason to worry?

27. They take our jobs- they take the low paying jobs we don’t want They increase the crime rate- actually are not the majority of people in prison They cost the government $$- actually contribute more in taxes and draw less in unemployment benefits They do not assimilate into our culture- our culture IS multicultural and they are patriotic and proud to be Canadian!! 41. What is a myth people commonly believe about immigration? Why is this a MYTH and not a true reason to worry?

28. 42. Why is emigration (people leaving) a problem in Canada?

29. Each year about 50,000 people emigrate (leave) from Canada, mostly to the USA. They tend to be our most educated and talented, skilled workers. We are afraid of suffering from a ‘brain drain’. 42. Why is emigration (people leaving) a problem in Canada?