1. Yardangs Little dippers Audrey Mumford Allee Miral Darrian Lambert Micah Chang Taijah Jones Tyler Hauser Period 4

2. Research Question What direction do yardangs usually point towards? Our question would be important for professional scientists to research because it could help us understand the direction of the winds on Mars which could later help us understand and estimate when and where storms might possibly happen. This question is interesting because our group thought yardangs where cool to look at and that people might want to know more about them. BY: Darrian and Audrey

3. Background Information

4. Background Information Continuation... Yardangs are formed when strong winds travel in the same direction for a long period of time carrying sand-sized particles, eroding away the bedrock on Mars surface. Fenton, Lori. "IAG Planetary Geomorphology Working Group | Www.psi.edu." Planetary Science Institute Home | Www.psi.edu. Sept. 2008. Web. 28 Nov. 2011.. BY: Darrian and Audrey

5. Background Information Continuation... They are usually formed in softer bedrock that is easily eroded such as volcanic ash. On Earth, most yardangs are found in deserts where there is plenty of sand for the winds to pick up. Nemiroff, Robert. "APOD: 2000 November 14 - The Yardangs Of Mars." Astronomy Picture of the Day. Malin Space Science Systems,, 14 Nov. 2000. Web. 01 Dec. 2011.. BY: Darrian and Audrey

6. Hypothesis If there are 100 samples of yardangs then, by looking at pictures of yardangs, we will know what direction the wind travels because yardangs are made by strong winds eroding away the rock so the creases will be pointing north. BY: Darrian and Audrey Believed by: Tyler, Darrian, Audrey, Taijah, Allie and Micah

7. METHODS

8. SpacecraftNASA’s Mars Odyssey CameraTHEMIS Camera Image TypeVisible Images- to see details of yardangs all around Mars surface MOLA- to see context of image & direction Geologic Features StudiedWhich direction do yardangs usually travel? Geologic regions we focused on Every where on the surface of the planet Mars

9. Sample Size100 THEMIS Image used to gather data Categories of data to be collected and “why” When looking at a picture of yardangs one thing that is sure to be observer is the direction of the yardang Image ID #- To refer back to image Latitude/Longitude-To refer back to Image Misc. Data-To record any other interesting information not warranted by our necessary data categories but certainly important to our study MeasurementsPicture Diameter- Rough estimation relative to image parameters based on THEMIS Camera’s Visible Image range of 18km x 30km

10. Website list: http://themis.asu.edu Data collection steps on site: 1. Go to the http://themis.asu.edu website;http://themis.asu.edu 2. Click on the Image Galleries 3. Click on Themis Images By Topic 4. Click on Wind/Dust 5. Click on Yardangs thing 6. Click on Image of Yardang 7. Look at pattern of Yardang. 8. Look at direction of Yardang. 9. Log down what you see. BY: Tyler

11. DATA

12. V2030600272.1235.2North East V203060038.47233.61South West V20306004-6.96173.79North V20306005-10.15182.6North V203060067.63225.4East V203060076.47219.47 North West V20306008-1.2204.53South East V2030600911.74212.09South West V20306010-5.2283.38South East V203060117.82229.49North East V20306012-46.6316.08South East V20306013-7.7227.54South East V20306014-1.9152.82West V203060151.02198.49North V20306016-12.66178.06West By: Darrian

13. By: Allee V20306059-23.6614.82South West V2030606016.43324.44South East V203060610.3635.97North East V20306062-23.1792.23South East V20306063-37.29283.04South East V20306064-16.33176.37West V20306065-36.42316.34North V20306066-4.24123.49West V20306067-17.3866.17North V20306068-21.68340.14North V20306069-4.9111.26North West V20306070-42.14105.43West V20306071-24.6471.72South V20306072-47.1330.08East V20306073-20.924.24North East V20306074-19.65177.5North East V20306075-23.21251.97South West V20306076-1.46331207.055South West V20306077-1.44777153.01North West V20306078-3.19012153.663North West V203060790.503567148.92North East

14. By: Taijah V203060388.5568.78South V20306039-0.5768.6South V203060407.5569.58West V20306041-63.25335.27South V20306042-13.47244.85North V20306043-0.61255.42North West V20306044-47.68317.8South East V20306045-10.99223.59North East V20306046-1.46207.05South West V203060473.51230.8North West V20306048-1.02205.03South V20306049-3.09204.39West V20306050-3.19153.66South V20306051-8.74187.74South V20306052-0.93204.31North East V2030605332.28246.43South West V20306054-6.26244.21North V20306055-0.4468.73North V20306056-31.85182.81East V203060572.71316.95North West V20306058-9.45149.75South East

15. By: Tyler V20306017-20.389240.126381North East V203060185.78214.06North V20306019-7.61173.03North West V20306020-12.92176.39West V20306021-11.42178.92South V20306022-49.38319.548East V20306023-62.5757.58North East V20306024-0.1193151.57North East V20306025-50.8718.1South West V20306026-52.85351.2South West V203060270.72144.84North West V20306028-53.9922.11South West V20306029-64.01108.07North East V20306030-10.93225.28North V20306031-15.69228.14East V20306032-0.218.82North V20306033-50.0628.46South East V20306034-12.03223.75North East V20306035-4.56205.01West V20306036-3.24152.31South V20306037 -22.9199122.552404North East

16. V20306059-23.6614.82South West V2030606016.43324.44South East V203060610.3635.97North East V20306062-23.1792.23South East V20306063-37.29283.04South East V20306064-16.33176.37West V20306065-36.42316.34North V20306066-4.24123.49West V20306067-17.3866.17North V20306068-21.68340.14North V20306069-4.9111.26North West V20306070-42.14105.43West V20306071-24.6471.72South V20306072-47.1330.08East V20306073-20.924.24North East V20306074-19.65177.5North East V20306075-23.21251.97South West V20306076-1.46331207.055South West V20306077-1.44777153.01North West V20306078-3.19012153.663North West V203060790.503567148.92North East By: Micah

17. Our group found that the most common wind direction for Yardangs was North. We also found that East was the least common wind direction of Yardangs on Mars. No sample goes above 16.

18. On this MOLA map of Mars, we can see that most of the Yardangs we used for our samples, are found in the central part of Mars. Also, to be more specific, most of them are found between longitude 180 and 270.

19. Potential Errors

20. Discussion

21. Conclusion

22. Hypothises

23. Research question

24. Further information researched…

25. Acknowledgments