1. Bell Ringer #1 Roman gods https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kETadB7I5i4 Question – The roman gods were developed from several different influences, but heavily from the Greek. Did you recognize any of the roman god names?

2. Bell Ringer #2 Roman Eagle (Found in 2013) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdHUcpILML4 Eagles were a considered a powerful symbol for Romans. The Roman god Jupiter used eagles as his messenger and a representation of himself. The eagle (or Aquila) was the primary emblem for the Roman legion. Question – What animal would you use as a powerful symbol to represent yourself? Sources http://mindsbehindthemyths.org/2012/12/the-eagle/ http://www.bible-history.com/archaeology/rome/2-roman-eagle-bb.html

3. The Fall of Rome

4. What will we learn? 1. Factors that weakened Rome a) Social b) Political c) Economic d) Military 2. Emperor Constantine 3. Germanic invasions

5. The Fall of the Roman Empire 1. A Century of Crisis a. Pax Romana came to an end with Marcus Aurelius (AD 161-180) b. The rulers that followed were unable to manage the large empire and its growing problems. c. Result: The Roman Empire began to decline

6. The Roman Empire Under Augustus Stable Secure Powerful!

7. Rome Fell Like a Game of Jenga Social Factors Economic Factors Political Factors Military Factors Many factors weakened Rome over the course of several centuries. By the end, it was too broken to save

8. The Fall of Rome

9. The Fall of the Roman Empire 2. Problems a. Economic i. Trade was disrupted by hostile tribes and pirates ii. No new gold or silver sources = raise taxes iii. Created more money = inflation (bad) iv. Soil in Italy and Western Europe became increasingly less fertile

10. The Fall of the Roman Empire b. Political i. Citizens were losing their patriotism towards Rome ii. Government began to be controlled by military iii. Terrible emperors such as Nero, Commodus, & Caligula murdered, raped, and impoverished their people

11. Examples of BAD EMPERORS ! Caligula Ruled 37-41 AD Lacked experience of collective decision making Rumored incest with 3 of his sisters Rumored to enjoy watching torture Wanted to make his horse a member of the Senate Was stabbed by imperial bodyguard while watching a gladiatorial show in 41AD

12. Examples of BAD EMPERORS ! Nero Ruled from 54-68 AD Little interest in governing, preferred to be poet & actor Burned down part of the city to build his palace Persecuted Christians Killed his mother Committed suicide after being deposed by the senate Video: 28 Mins – 36:30 Mins https://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=C5obOUDyQ5s

13. Examples of BAD EMPERORS! Commodus Ruled from 180-192 AD; empire begins to erode, ends Pax Romana Wasn’t very bright Ran a “hands-off” government Not a military leader Was vain, thought of himself like Hercules & fought in the Colosseum; renamed Rome colonia Commodiana Was assassinated by eating poison beef and strangled when it was feared he might recover from the poison

14. Commodus in Gladiator

15. Examples of BAD EMPERORS ! Elagabulus Ruled from 218-222 AD Wanted to make the sun-god Elagabal the main deity in the Pantheon Acted as if he were a god Built a new temple for Elagabal; actions appalled the Roman subjects Was murdered by praetorian guards in 222 AD

16. The Fall of the Roman Empire c. Social i. People were slowly losing their confidence in the Empire ii. Gap between rich and poor was still very wide iii. Decline in interest in public affairs

17. The Fall of the Roman Empire d. Military i. Low funds for defense ii. Mercenaries (foreign soldiers) hired who accepted lower pay iii. Soldiers were less disciplined and loyal

18. The Fall of the Roman Empire 3. Reform Attempted a. Emperor Diocletian i. Becomes emperor in 284 AD ii. Ruled with iron fist and limited personal freedoms iii. Doubled size of army iv. Sought to control inflation v. Divided empire in two: Greek Speaking East & Latin Speaking West

19. Split of the Empire

20. The Fall of the Roman Empire b. Emperor Constantine i. Embraced Christianity due to vision he had at the battle of Milvian Bridge; victory at Milvian Bridge made him sole ruler of Rome ii. First Christian Roman emperor iii. Issued the Edict of Milan which allowed Christians to worship freely iv. Moves capital of empire east to Byzantium ; builds new city v. New city is later renamed Constantinople (in modern day Turkey) vi. Eastern empire flourishes due to trade and wealth

21. Emperor Constantine

22. The Fall of the Roman Empire 4. Western Empire Crumbles a. The decline of the Western Roman Empire took place over many years b. Final collapse was due to: i. Worsening internal problems ii. The separation of the Western Empire from wealthier East iii. Outside invasions

23. The Fall of the Roman Empire c. Germanic Invasions i. Mongol nomads, The Huns, forced Germanic peoples on empire’s borders to push into Roman lands ii. Last Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustulus, ousted by Germanic forces in 476 AD

24. Attila the Hun

25. Barbarian Invasion Routes

26. Extra Information: Romulus Augustus Deposed Last Roman emperor 14 Year old boy After that, no emperor even pretended to rule Rome and its western provinces. Roman power in the western half of the empire had disappeared

28. Finished.

29. The Fall of the Roman Empire Result: The Western Roman Empire was no more but the eastern empire would continue to thrive as a region known today as Byzantium