1. The Spanish-American War Chapter 7 Section 2

2. A. Unrest in Cuba Spain lost all of its colonies except Puerto Rico and Cuba Spain lost all of its colonies except Puerto Rico and Cuba Cubans had tried to revolt for years, but had failed Cubans had tried to revolt for years, but had failed Jose Marti Jose Marti –Cuban revolutionary that was exiled to NY –1895, he tried to lead another rebellion against Spain, but was killed Spain sent Gen. Valeriano Weyler to stop the rebellion Spain sent Gen. Valeriano Weyler to stop the rebellion –put Cubans into concentration camps to keep them from rebelling –Many in the camps died of disease –Weyler’s treatment of the Cubans shocked Americans

3. B. America Gets War Fever 1. The Media’s Role 1. The Media’s Role Most Americans got their news from newspapers Most Americans got their news from newspapers The two most popular newspapers: The two most popular newspapers: -NY Journal published by William Randolph Hearst -NY Journal published by William Randolph Hearst -NY World published by Joseph Pullitzer -NY World published by Joseph Pullitzer Both papers competed to get the most scandalous stories Both papers competed to get the most scandalous stories This scandalous reporting of the news was called Yellow Journalism This scandalous reporting of the news was called Yellow Journalism Hearst and Pullitzer supported the Cubans and printed only their point of view Hearst and Pullitzer supported the Cubans and printed only their point of view Americans read the paper and became angry at the Spanish Americans read the paper and became angry at the Spanish

4. Hearst felt the U.S. should intervene in Cuba Hearst felt the U.S. should intervene in Cuba His paper continued publishing anti- Spanish propaganda His paper continued publishing anti- Spanish propaganda He sent a worker to Cuba to draw illustrations of the battle between Cubans and Spanish He sent a worker to Cuba to draw illustrations of the battle between Cubans and Spanish He then published the illustrations in his paper He then published the illustrations in his paper

5. Remington: “Everything is quiet. There is no trouble here. There will be no war. I wish to return home”. Remington: “Everything is quiet. There is no trouble here. There will be no war. I wish to return home”. Hearst: “Please remain. You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war”. Hearst: “Please remain. You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war”.

6. McKinley was reluctant to go to war with Spain McKinley was reluctant to go to war with Spain In 1898, the Journal published a letter written by Spanish Foreign Minister Depuy de Lome (the Delome Letter) In 1898, the Journal published a letter written by Spanish Foreign Minister Depuy de Lome (the Delome Letter) The letter called McKinley weak for wanting to help the Cubans The letter called McKinley weak for wanting to help the Cubans The Journal called it the “worst insult in American history” The Journal called it the “worst insult in American history” Americans were outraged by the insult Americans were outraged by the insult

7. 2. The Explosion of the Maine 2. The Explosion of the Maine Americans now began to want war with Spain Americans now began to want war with Spain Then, in Havanna, Cuba, an American battleship exploded (The U.S.S. Maine) Then, in Havanna, Cuba, an American battleship exploded (The U.S.S. Maine) 260 American sailors died 260 American sailors died Hearst wrote in his paper “Destruction of the War Ship Maine Was the Work of the Enemy” Hearst wrote in his paper “Destruction of the War Ship Maine Was the Work of the Enemy” There was no proof of this There was no proof of this McKinley then declared war on Spain McKinley then declared war on Spain The Spanish American War began in on April 25, 1898 The Spanish American War began in on April 25, 1898

9. C. The Spanish-American War 1. War in the Philippines 1. War in the Philippines –The Spanish/American War lasted 4 months –Sec. of State John Jay called it a “Splendid Little War” –Spain had controlled the Philippines since the 1500s –U.S. Commodore George Dewey was sent to the Philippines to attack the Spanish Fleet –Battle of Manila Bay –American ships were more modern than the Spanish and defeated them easily –Dewey, with the help of Filipino rebel Emilio Aguinaldo then invaded the city of Manila –The Spanish surrendered the Philippines on Aug. 14, 1898

10. 2. The War in Cuba 2. The War in Cuba –The U.S. passed the Teller Amendment  -this said that as soon as the U.S. freed Cuba, they would let them rule themselves –U.S. soldiers were not well equipped to fight in Cuba –The most famous soldiers of the war were the Rough Riders led by a young Teddy Roosevelt  -made up of T.R. and his college buddies –U.S. strategy called for capturing the city of Santiago and the surrounding hills

11. Experienced African American soldiers called Buffalo Soldiers played a large role in winning the war in Cuba Experienced African American soldiers called Buffalo Soldiers played a large role in winning the war in Cuba Together w/ the Rough Riders, the Buffalo Soldiers won a decisive Battle of San Juan Hill Together w/ the Rough Riders, the Buffalo Soldiers won a decisive Battle of San Juan Hill T.R. and six Buffalo Soldiers received a medal of honor for the battle T.R. and six Buffalo Soldiers received a medal of honor for the battle The Spanish surrendered Cuba and Puerto Rico in July 1898, which ended the Spanish/American War The Spanish surrendered Cuba and Puerto Rico in July 1898, which ended the Spanish/American War

12. Consequences of the War The peace treaty was harsh towards Spain The peace treaty was harsh towards Spain -Spain had to give up Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam to the U.S. -Spain had to give up Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam to the U.S. -Also turned the Philippines over to the U.S. -Also turned the Philippines over to the U.S. The U.S. was now looked at as an Imperialist Nation The U.S. was now looked at as an Imperialist Nation The Quest for Empire troubled many Americans The Quest for Empire troubled many Americans

13. Annexing the Philippines After the war, people argued over whether or not to annex the Philippines After the war, people argued over whether or not to annex the Philippines People for annexation argued that they U.S. should spread education and civilization People for annexation argued that they U.S. should spread education and civilization Some argued that annexation was bad and would violate the idea of self-government Some argued that annexation was bad and would violate the idea of self-government After a fierce debate, Americans voted to annex After a fierce debate, Americans voted to annex The Filipinos rebelled and fought the U.S. for 3 years until they were finally defeated The Filipinos rebelled and fought the U.S. for 3 years until they were finally defeated The U.S. said they would leave the Filipinos alone when they were ready to rule themselves The U.S. said they would leave the Filipinos alone when they were ready to rule themselves