1. The Visionary Journalist in Paris and Brussels

2. Difficulty of Finding Quarters
When Rizal arrived in Paris it was extremely difficult for a visitor to find a living quarter.
It is because of the approaching Universal Exposition of 1889 which attracted thousands of tourists so all hotel accommodations were taken.
The cost of living spiraled high because the French landlords took advantage of the event.

3. Valentin Ventura
It is in his house at #45 Rue Maubeuge, where Rizal stayed for a while
In his house, Rizal polished his annotated edition of Morga’s book.

4. Jose Albert – young student from Manila
Capitan Justo Trinidad – former gobernadorcillo of Santa Ana, Manila, and a refugee from Spanish tyranny
Jose Albert – young student from Manila
Became the roommates of Rizal

5. Rizal’s Life in Paris
He used most of his time in the reading room of the National Library checking up his historical annotations of Morga’s book.
He wrote letters to his family and friends
Visits his friends and going to the gymnasium.
In spare hours, he used to dine at the home of his friends: the Pardo de Taveras, Venturas and Bousteds.

6. Synthesizing Historical Materials About the Philippines
After annotating Morga’s Sucesos, Rizal realized that numerous materials about the Philippines and Filipinos are found in libraries abroad.
He acknowledged his friends Blumentritt and Rost for their great help in his quest for knowledge about the history of the Philippines

7. International Association of Philippinologists – an organization conceived by Rizal
Proposed President: Ferdinand Blumentritt
Proposed Secretary: Jose Rizal
It did not materialize and the organization remained an association of best friends.

8. Rizal and Paris Exposition of 1889
Art Competition – Rizal, Juan Luna, Felix Resurreccion-Hidalgo, Felix Pardo de Tavera were the participants
Felix Hidalgo – won 2nd prize
Juan Luna and Felix Pardo de Tavera – won 3rd prize
Jose Rizal – no prize

9. Kidlat Club purely a social society of a temporary nature
Founded by Jose Rizal simply to bring together the young Filipinos
Kidlat means lightning
Members:
Antonio and Juan Luna Fernando Canon
Gregorio Aguilera Lauro Dimayuga
Julio Llorente Guillermo Pineda
Baldomero Roxas

10. Indios Bravos Brave Soldiers Replaced Kidlat Club
Its members pledged to excel in intellectual and physical prowess in order to win the admiration of the foreigners particularly the Spaniards.
Rizal taught them Judo – an Asian art that he learned while he was in Japan.

11. RDLM Society Redencion de los Malayas ( Redemption of the Malays)
Rizal rigidly guarded its secret existence
Patterned from Masonry
Aim to propagate all useful knowledge (scientific, artistic, literary) in the PHilippines

12. Sucesos de los Islas Filipinas – was published in Paris
Dedicated to the Filipinos
The best of the many histories about the Philippines written by the early Spanish writers, being accurate in the narration of events, unbiased judgment.

13. Por Telefono – satirical work
An attack against Fray Salvador Font
Published in booklet form in Barcelona
Dimas-Alang

14. Establishment of a modern College
Hong Kong – the place Rizal chose to put up his school
This school shall train and educate men of good family and financial means in response to the needs of the modern times and circumstances
The plan did not materialize although an initial capital of 40,000 was pledged by Mariano Cunanan, a Filipinos resident in Paris.

15. Sobre la Indolencia de los FIlipinos
The Indolence of the Filipinos
Longest essay written by Rizal which was published in five installments in the La Solidaridad.
An analytical study made by Rizal about the society which represents his defense of the Filipinos from the charge that they were inherently lazy or indolent
The Filipinos were not born lazy but had a predisposition to become lazy.

16. The Filipinos were industrious and hardworking
Reasons behind the deterioration of Industry:
Spanish Colonization
Filipinos

17. Factors that Fostered Indolence Attributable to the Spaniards
Wars and internal disorders that followed Spanish conquest
Piratical attacks on coastal towns and villages by Muslim pirates
Forced labor in shipbuilding
Government’s neglect and apathy to agriculture, industry and commerce
Absence of material and moral incentives to work harder

18. The teaching of the Spanish missionaries that heaven is for the poor.
Too much government restriction and red tape in the approval of permit
Encouragement an propagation of gambling
Ownership of the big estates by the friars
Example set by the Spaniards in disdaining manual labor
Deprivation of human dignity

19. Attributable to Filipinos
Feeling of inferiority
Placing hopes on miracles
Lack of spirit to pursue lofty purposes
Lack of national sentiment

20. Filipinas Dentro de Cien Años
The Philippines, A Century Hence
An essay to forecast the future of the country in a hundred years.
Came out as a series of four articles in La Solidaridad
Analysis of the causes of the miseries of the people
Implementation of military policies
The country was depopulated
Poverty was widespread

21. Deterioration and disappearance of Filipino indigenous culture
The people lost confidence in the past, lost of faith in the present, and lost of hope in the future.
The passivity and submissiveness to the Spanish colonizers
The people had resigned themselves to their fate

22. America Great American Republic The next colonizer of the Philippines
Considering this country’s interests lie in the Pacific and which has no hand in the scramble for Africa.

23. Rizal’s in Brussels
Rizal left Paris for Brussels, Belgium on January 28, 1890 for two reasons:
The cost of living in Paris has become so exorbitant
He could not resist the gay social life in Paris.

24. Jose Alberto – accompanied Rizal when he transferred to Brussels and stayed in a boarding house on 38 Rue Champagne managed by Suzanne and Marie Jacoby
Jose Alejandrino – an engineering student stayed with Rizal, when Alberto left the city.

25. Rizal practiced medicine while in Belgium to enable him to meet the basic necessities to survive in the city
He attended shooting practice and oftentimes goes to the gym
He spent large bulk of his time writing his second novel as well as writing articles for the La Solidaridad.

26. Articles for the La Solidaridad
A La Defensa (To the Defense) – reply to an anti-Filipino writing of Patricio de la Escorura
La Verdad Para Todos (The Truth for All) – this was in defense against the Spanish accusations that the native local officials were ignorant and immoral.
Vicente Barrantes’ Teatro Tagalo – which exposed Barrantes’ ignorance on the theatrical art of the Tagalog.

27. Una Profanacion (A Profanation) – a bitter attack against the Friars for denying Christian burial to Mariano Herbosa, Lucia’s husband and Rizal’s brother in law, who died because of cholera.
Verdades Nuevas (New Truths) – an answer to the letter published by Vicente Belloc Sanchez in La Patria, alleging that the granting of reforms in Philippines the peaceful and material rule of the friars.

28. Crueldad (Cruelty) – to defend his friend Blumentritt from defamatory insulting attacks of the latter’s enemy.
Diferencias (Differences) a reply on the attacks of the article entitled Old Truths, published in La Patria, which ridiculed the Filipinos who were then clamoring for reforms from Spanish government.

29. Inconsequencias (Inconsequences) – defense of Antonio Luna against the attacks of Mr. Mir Deas published in El Pueblo Soberano, a newspaper in Barcelona.
Llanto y Risas (Tears and Laughters) – denunciation of the racial prejudice of the Spanish against the Filipinos.

30. Ingratitudes (Ingratitude) – response to what Gov. Gen
Ingratitudes (Ingratitude) – response to what Gov. Gen. Weyler told the people of Calamba that they should not be folded by empty promises of their ungrateful sons.

31. Criticism of Filipino’s Passion for Gambling
While Rizal was in Brussels he was informed by his friend Valentin Ventura and Juan Luna that most of their fellow expatriates in Madrid were too much preoccupied with gambling.
They wanted Rizal to do something since the main reason all of them stayed in Europe is to work for the freedom of the country.
Rizal in turn wrote to Marcelo H. Del Pilar reminding his fellow expatriates of their mission.

32. Disturbing News from Home
The agrarian problem worsen.
Annual payment for land rental increased resulting into the inability of the tenants to pay for the rents.
This resulted to the forcible eviction of the tenants from the land they were tilling.

33. Governor General Valeriano Weyler
The Butcher of Cuba
Responsible for the eviction of the Rizal family and the rest of Calamba tenants from the land that they were tilling.

34. Paciano, Antonio Lopez (husband of Narcisa), Silvestre Ubaldo (husband of Olimpia) were exiled in Mindoro.
Manuel Hidalgo (Saturnina’s husband) exiled in Bohol for the second time

35. Premonition of Rizal
Because of what happened to his family, Rizal experienced sleepless and restless nights.
Although he was not a superstitious man, he could not help but entertain the thought of him dying.
But he wished that before that day happened his second novel be published first.

36. Rizal planned to return to the Philippines
Rizal was depressed and anxious of the misfortunes of the family in Calamba, he planned to return to the Philippines.
Graciano Lopez-Jaena – plans to go to Cuba and serve as a doctor there.
Rizal convinced him to return to the Philippines and die there.
Mariano Ponce – was told by Rizal of his plan to go back amidst the fate that he will be facing.

37. Paciano – wrote to Rizal telling him that the case against the Dominicans was lost. However, they appealed it to the Audencia Real.
Rizal sought assistance to Marcelo H. Del Pilar for him to handle the case in Madrid.
Because of this, Rizal went to Madrid instead to supervise the case.

38. A Mi Musa
To My Muse
A poem written by Rizal in 1890 as a result of his disenchantment over the lukewarm attitude of the Filipino expatriates working for the reforms in Spain.
This poem expresses his bitterness over the land troubles in Calamba.

39. Rizal and Suzanne Jacoby
Suzanne Jacoby – was the owner of the apartment where Rizal stayed while in Belgium.
She fell in love with Rizal due to his charm and dignified manners.
She shed her sadness and grief knowing that Rizal had left for Madrid.