2. Genetics 7 th Grade Science

3. Get ready for some NEW Seats!!! Rules: 1. New Table 2. New # 3. New Elbow Partner

4. 1. Describe what you think DNA looks like to the naked eye (not under a microscope). 2. Draw a picture of what you think Strawberry DNA looks like. On Desk: - Planner - IAN - Pen/Pencil Bellwork 12/16/15

5. DNA Extraction

7. The Croods How many Croodaceous Creatures can you find??

8. Welcome BACK to PJMS!!! 1. What was the best part of your break? Explain WHY! On Desk: - Planner - IAN - Pen/Pencil Bellwork 1/4/16

9. Let’s get back into the Swing of things!  Social Contract  Syllabus  Team Building

10. Let’s get back into the Swing of things!  Social Contract  Syllabus  Team Building

11. Syllabus Check out Mrs. Walker’s Teacher page!

12. What are we going to learn in here?? The Metric System The Scientific Process Cells Genetics Evolution Scientific Debate Plate Tectonics Body Systems Diseases Classification Food Chains/Webs Seasons Energy Transfer Human Impact

13. Materials  composition notebook  Pencils/pens  colored pencils  Glue stick/scotch tape  Scissors  Highlighters (2)  Pocket folder

14. What else can be found on my teacher page?? Everything you NEED! Notes Activities Worksheets Remind Sign-up information

15. Let’s get back into the Swing of things!  Social Contract  Syllabus  Team Building

16. Two Truths and a Lie  Write down two truths and a lie about yourself (in any order!)  Don’t share these with anyone YET!

17. Genetics Update your Table of Contents

18. 1. List 5 characteristics that describe this actor. On Desk: - Planner - IAN -Pen/Pencil --Video Guide Bellwork 1/5/16

19. Bill Nye Genetics  12 Great Genetic Discoveries  Video Guide  https://youtu.be/17foW4mLBFk

20.  On the Notecard provided write one paragraph (4-7 sentences) answering the following question: 1. “If you were asked to describe yourself to a stranger so she could recognize you at a school event, what would you say? What traits make you unique and different from others?” On Desk: - Planner - IAN -Pen/Pencil -DNA Worksheet Bellwork 1/7/16

21. DNA

22. Review… The nucleus contains DNA DNA is copied during Interphase of the Cell Cycle

23. DNA Traits are distinguishing features or characteristics Traits are passed on from parent to offspring Traits are passed on through genes

24. Two Types of Reproduction Asexual Reproduction- offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only (MITOSIS). Sexual reproduction- offspring get half of their genes from each parent (MEIOSIS).

25. DNA = information  DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid  A molecule that stores information  Contains the instructions for making proteins Like a cookbook contains the instructions for making a cake

26. DNA and the Genetic Code  A DNA molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder The molecule is formed from nucleotide subunits that consist of: – Phosphate – Sugar – Nitrogen Base

27. DNA and the Genetic Code The side rails of the ladder are formed by the sugar-phosphates The rungs of the ladder are formed by two bases coming together

28. DNA and the Genetic Code  There are four different bases in DNA  Adenine  Thymine  Cytosine  Guanine  Adenine pairs with Thymine  Cytosine pairs with Guanine All Tigers Can Grow

29. Complimentary Base Strands CGTAAGCGCTAATTA GCATTCGCGATTAAT

30. Post-It Note DNA Replication TCGATC 1.Write these 6 base pairs on your Stick Note. (Sticky side on the LEFT!) 2.Write in the complimentary base pairs 3.It is time to replicate this strand of DNA! 4.Unzip the DNA (cut it in half) 5.Write in the complimentary base pairs of each of your new strands. 6.Compare your two new strands!!!

31. Summary DNA provides instructions for making proteins Each individual has a unique set of DNA DNA looks like a twisted ladder or a double helix DNA base pairs make up the rungs of the ladder

32. DNA Coloring Worksheet Glue in Article HERE Glue in Questions HERE

35. Double Bubble

36. 1.What are the four bases that make up DNA? Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Thymine are the bases that make up DNA. 2. The side rails of the ladder that makes up DNA are formed by what? The side rails of the ladder are made up of sugar- phosphates. On Desk: - Planner - IAN - Pen/Pencil Bellwork 1/8/16

37. “If you were asked to describe yourself to a stranger so she could recognize you at a school event, what would you say? What traits make you unique and different from others?”

38. How likely is it that the monkey is the parent of this dog? Not likely at all! They don’t share any traits.

39. Why is this so?  Heredity - the passing of traits from parents to offspring

40. Hmmm…  But, what if both of your parents have straight hair, and you have curly?  What if both of your parents have brown eyes, but you have blue?

41. Question  If a black dog and a white dog have puppies, what color will those puppies be?  Gray?  Black?  White?  Half black and half white?  A completely different color? (Brown?)

42. Genetics and Heredity  The study of genetics and heredity helps us to answer these puzzling questions

43. Glue in Guided Notes  Blank right and left side!

44. Important discoveries:  Gregor Mendel – pea plants used the scientific method to conduct several experiments with pea plants He concluded that there must be some form of instructions for each characteristic a person possesses

45. Gregor Mendel  The basic laws of heredity were first formed during the mid-1800’s by an Austrian botanist monk named Gregor Mendel.  Mendel is referred to as “The Father of Genetics” because his work laid the foundation to the study of heredity.

46. Mendel’ Pea Plants Mendel was able to observe differences in multiple traits over many generations because pea plants reproduce rapidly, and have many visible traits such as: 2. Plant Height TallShort 5. Pod color 3. Seed Shape 4. Pod Shape 1. Seed Color Green Yellow GreenYellow RoundWrinkled SmoothPinched

47. Mendel’s Experiments Mendel noticed that some plants always produced offspring that had a form of a trait exactly like the parent plant. He called these plants “purebred” plants. X Purebred Short Parents Purebred Tall Parents X Short Offspring Tall Offspring

48. Mendel’s First Experiment Mendel crossed purebred plants with opposite forms of a trait. He called these plants the parental generation, or P generation. Parent Tall P generation Parent Short P generation X Offspring Tall F1 generation Mendel observed that ALL of the offspring grew to be tall plants. None resembled the short parent. He called this generation of offspring the first filial, or F1 generation, (The word filial means “son” in Latin.)

49. Mendel’s Second Experiment Mendel then crossed two of the offspring tall plants produced from his first experiment. Tall F1 generation X 3⁄4 Tall & 1⁄4 Short F2 generation To his surprise, Mendel observed that this generation had a MIX of tall and short plants. This occurred even though none of the F1 parents were short. Parent PlantsOffspring

50. TOOLS TO KNOW A PUNNET SQUARE IS A TOOL USED TO PREDICT THE POSSIBLE GENOTYPES FOR THE OFFSPRING OF TWO KNOWN PARENTS. PARENT’S GENES

51. Vocabulary Alleles Homozygous Heterozygous Hybrid Dominate Recessive Phenotype Genotype Ratio

52. 1. Grab a book and take out your vocabulary sheet. Fill in the chart! On Desk: - Planner - IAN - Pen/Pencil Bellwork 1/11/16 Vocabulary Alleles Homozygous Heterozygous Hybrid Dominate Recessive Phenotype Genotype Ratio

53. Family Photo Genetics Take out your family photo and answer the following questions. 1. Do you have the same hair color? 2. Do you have the same hair texture (curly, wavy, or straight)? 3. Do you have the same nose shape? 4. Do you have the same eye color? 5. Can you roll your tongue? 6. What can you determine about your parents’ ability to roll their tongue based on whether or not you can roll your tongue?

54. TERMS TO KNOW (Page 126-131) ALLELES DIFFERENT FORMS OF A TRAIT THAT A GENE MAY HAVE T,t HOMOZYGOUS AN ORGANISM WITH TWO ALLELES THAT ARE THE SAME TT, tt HETEROZYGOUS AN ORGANISM WITH TWO DIFFERENT ALLELES FOR A TRAIT Tt, Gg

55. TERMS TO KNOW HYBRID SAME AS HETEROZYGOUS Tt, Gg DOMINANT A TRAIT THAT DOMINATES OR COVERS UP THE OTHER FORM OF THE TRAIT REPRESENTED BY AN UPPERCASE LETTER T OR G RECESSIVE THE TRAIT BEING DOMINATED OR COVERED UP BY THE DOMINATE TRAIT REPRESENTED BY A LOWER CASE LETTER t or g

56. TERMS TO KNOW PHENOTYPE THE PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OF AN ORGANISM (WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE) TALL, SHORT, GREEN, WRINKLED GENOTYPE THE GENE ORDER OF AN ORGANISM (WHAT ITS GENES LOOK LIKE) TT, GG, Tt, gg Gg, tt RATIO (not in the book) THE RELATIONSHIP IN NUMBERS BETWEEN TWO OR MORE THINGS 3:1, 2:2, 1:2:1

57. OUTPUT : Copy each of the following genotypes, then indicate whether it is homozygous (Ho) or heterozygous (He)  TT  Dd  Bb  Ff  DD  Tt  Which are purebred?  Bb  Tt  BB  Dd  FF  Ff  Which are hybrids?

58. OUTPUT : Copy the genotype & then determine the phenotype :  Yellow body color(Y) is dominant to blue(y)  YY _________  Yy _________  yy _________

59. OUTPUT : Copy the genotype & then determine the phenotype :  Square shape(S) is dominant to round(s)  SS _________  Ss _________  ss _________

60. OUTPUT : Copy the phenotype, then give the genotypes that are possible.  A tall head (T) is dominant to short (t).  Tall: _______________  Short: _______________

61. OUTPUT : Copy the phenotype, then give the genotypes that are possible.  Pink body color (P) is dominant to yellow (p)  Pink: _______________  Yellow: _______________

62. HOW TO USE A PUNNETT SQUARE 1.THE PARENTS’ ALLELES GO ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE SQUARE 2.THE ORDER DOES NOT MATTER IN THE BOXES, BUT UPPERCASE FIRST IS A GOOD RULE 3.DROP THE LETTERS ON THE TOP, INTO EACH SQUARE 4.MOVE EACH LETTER ON THE SIDE, INTO EACH SQUARE BB b b BB X bb BB BB bb bb

63. HOW TO USE A PUNNETT SQUARE BB b b Bb WHAT DO THE RESULTS SHOW? B = DOMINANT ALLELE FOR BLACK b = RECESSIVE ALLELE FOR BROWN RESULTS: PHENOTYPIC: 100% BLACK 4:0 RATIO, BLACK TO BROWN GENOTYPIC: 100% Bb 4:0 ALL Bb

64. LET’S LOOK AT ANOTHER PUNNETT SQUARE AND PREDICT THE OUTCOME Tt T t WHAT ARE THE RESULTS? PHENOTYPIC: 75% TALL 25% SHORT 3 TO 1 RATIO: TALL TO SHORT GENOTYPIC: 1TT: 2Tt: 1tt 1:2:1 RATIO 25 %TT, 50% Tt, 25% tt TT Tt Tt t t T = DOMINANT ALLELE FOR TALLNESS t = RECESSIVE ALLELE FOR SHORTNESS

65. Quick Quiz (OUTPUT SIDE) H h H h 4 3 1 2 1.WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING HAS THE hh GENOTYPE? A.1 & 3 B.2 C.4 D.NONE 2. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A TRUE STATEMENT? A.INDIVIDUAL 4 IS RECESSIVE B.INDIVIDUALS 1 & 3 ARE HETEROZYGOUS C.INDIVIDUAL 2 IS DOMINANT D.ALL INDIVIDUALS ARE FEMALE

66. B b B b BB Bb bb Quick Quiz (OUTPUT SIDE) 3. IF B IS THE ALLELE FOR BLACK FUR AND b IS THE ALLELE FOR WHITE FUR, WHAT PERCENT WOULD BE BLACK? A.25% B.50% C.100% D.75% 4. WHAT FRACTION IS HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT IN THE ABOVE CROSS? A.1/2 B.1/4 C.1/3 D.3/4

68. Great Job!  Now we will practice with some more Punnett Squares  Everyone will have a Punnett Square Mat with genotype manipulatives  When we read the questions, decide where the genotypes will be placed

69. Question #1  SpongeBob SquarePants recently met SpongeSusie Roundpants at a dance. SpongeBob is heterozygous for his brown eyes, but SpongeSusie has blue eyes. Create a Punnett square to show the possibilities that would result if SpongeBob and SpongeSusie had children.

72. Question #2  Patrick met Patti at the dance. Both of them are heterozygous for their brown eye color, which is dominant over a blue eye color. Create a Punnett square to show the possibilities that would result if Patrick and Patti had children.

75. Question #3  Everyone in Squidward’s family has light blue skin, which is the dominant trait for body color in his hometown of Squid Valley. His family brags that they are a “purebred” line. He recently married a nice girl who has light green skin, which is a recessive trait. Create a Punnett square to show the possibilities that would result if Squidward and his new bride had children. Use B to represent the dominant gene and b to represent the recessive gene.

78. Question #4  Assume that one of Squidward’s sons, who is heterozygous for the blue body color, married a girl that was also heterozygous. Create a Punnett square to show the possibilities that would result if they had children.

81. Question #5  Mr. Krabbs and his wife recently had a Lil’ Krabby, but it has not been a happy occasion for them. Mrs. Krabbs has been upset since she first saw her new baby who had blue eyeballs. She claims that the hospital goofed and mixed up her baby with someone else’s baby. Mr. Krabbs is homozygous for his brown eyeballs, while his wife is heterozygous for her brown eyeballs. Some members of her family have blue eyes, which is the recessive trait. Create a Punnett square using B for the dominant gene and b for the recessive one.

84. Spongebob Genetics

85. Family Photo Genetics

86. Frankin Fish

87. Coin Lab (human face genetics)

88. ????? Monster Genetics Paper Pets