1. Where it all began…

2. 1. Take a sheet of paper. 2. Do not write your name on it. 3. Answer the following question:What is Philadelphia, Pennsylvania famous for? 4. When finished, crumple your paper into a ball and wait…

3.  A. Petition of Right  1. 1628  2. First time Parliament limited the King’s power.  3. Declared that even a monarch had to obey the law of the land.  No Marshall Law during peacetime  No Quartering Troops without consent  Trial by Jury of Peers

4.  A. Declaration of Independence  1. 1776  2. Thomas Jefferson main writer  3. 13 English Colonies broke away from England  4. 56 men from 13 colonies signed the document  5. 2/3 of it filled with complaints against the King (“injuries and usurpations”)

5. A. Popular Sovereignty – the people hold the power B. Limited Government – there were restriction placed on governmental power C. Civil Rights and Liberties – rights the government must protect (“unalienable rights”)

6. D. Separation of Powers – power of government divided into 3 branches E. Checks and Balances – each branch can check the power of the other two branches

7. A. POWERS:  Make war and peace  Send Ambassadors  Make treaties  Borrow money  Set up monatary system  Build navy  Raise army (ask states) B. WEAKNESSES:  1 vote per state  Can’t collect taxes  Can’t regulate trade  No Executive  No Fed Court System  13/13 vote to amend  9/13 to pass law  Only a “firm league of friendship”

8. A. Ancient Greece and Rome B. Montesquieu’s The Spirit of the Laws C. Rousseau’s Social Contract D. Locke’s Two Treatises of Government E. Their own experiences – 2 nd C.C./State Gov./A.O.C.

9. A. Summer of 1787 B. Delegates intended to Revise the A.O.C. C. Delegates agreed to create a New Government

10.  D.New Jersey Plan  1. One House of Congress  2. Equal Representation  E.Virginia Plan  1. Two Houses in Congress  2. Representation based on Population

11.  F.Connecticut/Great Compromise  1. Two Houses in Congress  2. first filled according to population  3. second filled equally among the states  G.3/5 Compromise  1. Slave will be counted as population  2. Slaves would only count as 3/5 of person

12.  A. Need 9/13 States to Ratify  B. Federalists – supported new constitution and strong federal government  C. Anti-Federalists – opposed to new constitution and giving federal government strong powers  D. The Federalist – written to gain support for the Constitution in New York

13.  E. Delaware 1 st to ratify  F. New Hampshire 9 th to ratify  G. Rhode Island 13 th to ratify

14.  Why did the framers decide to create a new constitution instead of improving the A.O.C.?  If they only needed 9/13 of the states to ratify the new constitution, why did the framers keep going until they got all of the states to approve before enacting the new government?