1. Paper, the Fifth Color Current Classifications Optical Brighteners By Trish Wales Sappi Fine Paper March 15,2006 April 9, 2006

2. First Segmentation U.S. vs. EU Coated Supercalendered Newsprint Uncoated Coated Supercalendered Newsprint Uncoated

3. U.S. Coated Paper Classification ClassificationBrightness [Tappi T452] Premium94+ No. 1 Coated91-94 No. 2 Coated87-91 No. 3 Coated82-87 No. 4 Coated75-82 No 5 Coated ]N/A Coated Free Sheet Classification ClassificationBrightness [Tappi T452} PremiumN/A No. 1 CoatedN/A No. 2 Coated87+ No. 3 Coated82-87 No. 4 Coated75-82 No. 5 CoatedUnder 75 Coated Groundwood Classification

4. Supercalendered Classification GE Brightness75 0 Gloss SC-A++> 73> low 50's SC-A+70-72High 40's - low 50's SC-A67-69High 30's - low 40's SC-B64-66Low 30's SC-C60-64Low 30's or <

5. Uncoated Paper Classification Quality and Use –Offset Utility Opaque Premium Opaque Copy Paper –Text and cover Writing Papers Bristols –Newsprint Finish –Smooth –Vellum –Embossed Laid Wove

6. Brightness

7. Paper Ink Film Illuminant Brightness is measured at one wave length 457 nm Brightness

8. Test Methods BrightnessTAPPI - Paper (GE Brightness) ISO - Paper Standard IDTAPPI T452ISO 2469, 2470 GeometryDirectionalDiffuse IlluminantCD65 [C]

9. Test Comparison

10. European Classification Related to paper manufacturing process Separated by fiber type Number of coating layers considered

11. European Papers Chemical Pulp Mechanical Pulp Art Std WFC UWF Std. LWC HWC MWC FCO MFC SC Newsprint Relative Quality Relative Price

12. ISO 12647-2 Five types Optical characterization Shade/Gloss

13. ISO 12647-2 Categories 1. Gloss Coated, woodfree 2. Matte Coated, woodfree 3. Gloss Coated, web 4. Uncoated, white 5. Uncoated, slightly yellowish

14. Paper Types Type L* Black L* White a* Black a* White b* Black b* White Gloss/ ISO BRT 1939500-3-265/89 2929400-3-238/89 3879203555/70 4929500-3-26/93 5889000696/73 Toler ance +/-3 +/-2 +/-5

15. Fluorescence

16. Optical Brighteners Prevalent Increasing Measurement nightmare Visual Matching challenge

17. What are they? Chemical additives –Textiles –Paints –Paper

18. Paper OBA Properties Absorb light in UV More UV, more absorbed, more emitted Emit in blue region No UV, no emission Unstable in light –Paper goes from white to yellow

19. Optical Brighteners Absorption 300 Wavelength in nm 350400450500550600650700 -100 -50 0 50 100 Re-Emission

20. OBA affects Print See effect in the white spaces See effect through cyan ink Effect blocked by magenta and black ink Yellow ink effect depends on ink transparency On-line measurements give false reading –Pulsed Xenon –White point compensation

21. Optical Brighteners

22. Questions????