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Components and their operation
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SMART Funded by The National Science Foundation Diode A diode is an semiconductor component that, in general, will pass current in only one direction
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SMART Funded by The National Science Foundation Water Analogy of Diodes
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SMART Funded by The National Science Foundation LED Light-emitting diode Semiconductor Has polarity
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SMART Funded by The National Science Foundation LED: How It Works
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SMART Funded by The National Science Foundation Capacitors 1 Store electric charge Consists of two plates of a conducting material separated by a space filled by an insulator Measured in units called farads, F
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SMART Funded by The National Science Foundation Capacitors 2 Negative lead (-) Electrolytic Mylar Ceramic
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SMART Funded by The National Science Foundation Capacitor Symbols Fixed capacitorPolarized capacitor Variable capacitor +
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SMART Funded by The National Science Foundation How to Read Capacitor Value The first two figures give us 10, the third figure gives us 0000, and the letter 10%. We normally express this as 0.1µF.
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SMART Funded by The National Science Foundation Photoresistors Light sensitive resistors Resistance decreases when light intensity increases Symbol
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SMART Funded by The National Science Foundation 555 Timer Highly stable devices for generating accurate time delay or oscillation Not programmable Controlled by resistors and capacitors Applications – Pulse generation – PWM – Time delay generation
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SMART Funded by The National Science Foundation Connection Diagram Identifier
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SMART Funded by The National Science Foundation Transistor A semiconductor device that acts as – An electrically controlled switch – A current amplifier
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SMART Funded by The National Science Foundation BJT, JFET, and MOSFET Bipolar Junction Transistor – NPN and PNP Junction Field Effect Transistor Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET BJT transistorMOSFETJFET
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SMART Funded by The National Science Foundation BJT NPN: a small input current and a positive voltage applied at base allows to flow from collector to emitter PNP: a small output current and a negative voltage at base allows a much larger current to flow from emitter to collector
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