1. A New Industrial Age Chapter 14

2. The Expansion of Industry Chapter 14 Section 1

3. Objectives 1.Explain how the abundance of natural resources, new recovery and refining methods, and new uses for them led to intensive industrialization. 2.Identify inventions that changed the way people lived and worked.

4. Industrial Revolution When people stopped making products at home and started making them in factories. http://www.history.com/videos/the-industrial- revolition#the-industrial-revolition

5. The Factors  4 major factors: –Natural Resources –Increase in Inventions –Increase in Urban Population –Government support of business

6. FACTOR 1  Natural Resources –Oil –Iron –Coal

7. Oil  Edwin Drake drilled for OIL using a steam engine.  Removing oil from the earth’s surface became practical.  Started an oil boom.

8. Steel  The Bessemer Process made the production of STEEL faster and cheaper by removing the carbon from iron. –Helped transform US into a modern industrial economy

9. Steel  Had many uses

10. FACTOR 2  Increase in Inventions –Electricity –Communication –Steal –Etc…

11. Steam Engine  The steam engine ran entire factories the way rivers used to.

12. Electricity  Set up his own research laboratory  INVENTED THE LIGHTBULB in 1880 Then set up an electricity network for NY

13. Thomas Edison  The light bulb allowed factories to work at night. http://www.history.com/shows/modern-marvels/videos/the- telegraph-and-telephone#light-bulb-turns-night-into-day

14. Edison’s inventions  Motion picture camera

15. Phonograph  Phonograph

16. Communication  Telegraph  Typewriter  Telephone

17. Telegraph  Samuel Morse invented the telegraph (Morse code).

18. Typewriter  Christopher Sholes 1867

19. Telephone  Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.

20. Telephone http://www.history.co m/shows/modern- marvels/videos/the- telegraph-and- telephone#the- telegraph-and- telephonehttp://www.history.co m/shows/modern- marvels/videos/the- telegraph-and- telephone#the- telegraph-and- telephone

21. Cottage Industry

22. Factory system

23. Cotton gin  His cotton gin removed the seeds out of raw cotton.

25. The Age of Railroads Chapter 14 Section 2

26. Objectives 1.Identify the role of the railroads in unifying the country. 2.List positive and negative effects of railroads on the nation’s economy. 3.Summarize reasons for, and outcomes of, the demand for railroad reform.

27. Railroads

29. Transcontinental RR  The Transcontinental Railroad connected the east and west coasts making travel across the country faster, cheaper and more efficient.

30.  The transcontinental RR met in Utah

31. Transcontinental RR

33.  The Central Pacific employed thousands of Chinese immigrants.  The Union Pacific hired Irish immigrants.

34. Transcontinental RR  Railroad workers helped transform the country into a united nation.  In 1884 world wide time zones were set on railroad time.

35. Opportunists  George M. Pullman built a factory to manufacture railroad cars, complete with a town for his workers to live in.

36. Transcontinental RR  Pullman created his town for control and profit.  In 1864 the Union Pacific Railroad formed a construction company called Credit Mobilier. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzbCkMjdZKE

37. Transcontinental RR  The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 established the right of the federal government to supervise railroad activities.  Abuse and mismanagement played a major role in a nation- wide economic collapse in 1893 causing the worst depression up to the time.

38. Canals  Canals are manmade waterways dug between 2 large bodies of water.  The Erie Canal was a short cut from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes.

39. Erie Canal 1825

40. Panama Canal  The Panama Canal was a shortcut from the Atlantic to the Pacific (or backwards).

41. Panama Canal

43. Big Business and Labor Chapter 14 Section 3

44. Objectives 1.Identify management and business strategies that contributed to the success of business tycoons. 2.Explain Social Darwinism and its effects on society. 3.Summarize the emergence and growth of unions. 4.Explain the violent reactions of industry and government to union strikes.

45. Robber Barons  Andrew Carnegie owned US Steel.

46. Andrew Carnegie  Rags to riches story  Created the largest steel company in the world.  Philanthropist – donated much of his wealth. “A man who dies rich dies disgraced.” http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story- of-us/videos/andrew-carnegie#andrew-carnegie

48. Robber Barons  John D. Rockefeller owned the railroads and the oil industries http://www.history.com/videos/john-d-rockefeller-oil-money-and-power#john-d- rockefeller-oil-money-and-power

50. Monopoly  Carnegie and Rockefeller ran their competition out of business.  One company controls the entire industry.

52. Labor Unions  National Labor Union  Knights of Labor  American Federation of Labor  American Railway Union  Industrial Workers of the World

53. Social Darwinism  The theory that the strongest/smartest businesses and people would succeed while the rest would fail.  Society should allow the weak and fail.  This is not only good policy but it is morally right. Social Darwinism

54. HORIZONTAL Takes over Competition VERTICAL VERTICAL Takes over Suppliers and Distribution HORIZONTALHORIZONTAL

55. Sherman Antitrust Act  The government thought trusts would stop competition.  Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or countries.  Not successful – didn’t define a trust. Sherman Antitrust Act

56. Laissez Faire  Philosophy that the government should not regulate the economy.  Businesses did not have to worry about government intervention.

57. Labor Conditions  Long Hours 12 hour work days, 6 days a week, no vacation, no sick leave  Cheap Wages Whole families were forced to work because of such low pay (sweat shops  27 cents for a 14 hour child work day).

58. Labor Conditions  Dangerous Conditions In 1882 an average of 675 laborers were killed in work related accidents each week.  Child Labor 20 % of boys & 10 % of girls under 15 were working full time jobs.

59. Labor Unions  2 types of labor unions emerge Skilled unions and unskilled unions  Some turned to socialism as the answer Industrial Workers of the World http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubIWyT7nGdU

60.  Government and Industry used force to put down labor unions and their strikes.  Strikes turned violent and the public turned against strikers. Labor Strikes

61. http://www.history.com/topics/andrew-carnegie/videos#andrew-carnegie- and-the-homestead-strike