1. The Growth of Industrial Prosperity
Chapter 5 Section 1

2. A. The Second Industrial Revolution
In the 1800s and 1900s a Second Industrial Revolution
In the first I.R., textiles, coal, iron, and RR’s were major elements
In the Second I.R. steel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum were the major elements
People began to use steel instead of iron
Steel was useful in building lighter and faster machines and engines, as well as rails, ships, and weapons

3. Electricity was harnessed, which gave way to new inventions
Thomas Edison invented the light bulb which lit homes and cities
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876
Guglielmo Marconi sent the first radio waves across the Atlantic in 1901

4. By 1900, electric streetcars and subways in Europe
With electric lights, factories could operate 24 hours a day
Internal combustion engine helped creation of ocean liners, airplanes, and automobiles
Orville and Wilbur Wright made the first powered flight in 1903
Henry Ford made his Model T, which was the first automobile the common person could afford

5. There was an increase in efficiency in factories
One of the biggest reasons for increased efficiency was the assembly line
-manufacturing method pioneered by Henry ford
-allowed for a mass production of goods
In the cities, department stores sprang up everywhere, which sold these goods

6. B. Organizing the Working Class
The transition to an industrialized society was hard on most workers
It forced them to move into crowded slums and work long hours doing mind-numbing tasks
It eventually led to a higher standard of living, but not at first
Reformers believed industrial capitalism heartless and brutal and pushed for reforms
Many wanted shorter work days, better pay, and safer working conditions
More radical people wanted to abolish capitalism altogether and turn to socialism

7. Life was hard on most workers and many people blamed it on capitalism
Karl Marx proposed the idea of socialism
He said that there were two classes of people:
1) The bourgeoisie (middle class) “the haves”
2) The proletariat (working class) “have nots”
He predicted eventually, the proletariat would overthrow the middle class and set up a dictatorship
Workers also formed unions to fight for their rights