1. Lighting systems in labs & offices1 Subject: By:a.Yousefvand

2. Sources of Light Incandescent Incandescent If the energy comes from heat If the energy comes from heat Luminescent Luminescent If the energy comes from another source, such as chemical or electric energy If the energy comes from another source, such as chemical or electric energy

3. Electromagnetic Spectrum 1.Radio waves 2.Microwaves 3.Infrared light 4.Visible light (380-760 nm) 5.Ultraviolet light 6. X rays 7.Gamma rays

4. Electromagnetic Spectrum

5. First Light bulb & first lighting book American inventor Thomas Edison developed this incandescent lamp, or light bulb, in 1879. Textbook on Lighting Inventor Lewis Howard Latimer’s Incandescent Electric Lighting (1896) was one of the first textbooks published on electric lighting.

6. Eye disease in different ages

7. Incandescent Lamp 1. An electric current flows through a thin tungsten 2. The current heats the filament to about 3000° C (5400° F) 3. Heat and light 4. The bulb must be filled with an inert gas to prevent the filament from burning out 5. They filled with a mixture of nitrogen,krypton and argon

8. Fluorescent Lamp It produces light by causing a substance called Fluorescent lamps are more efficient than incandescent lamps

9. Compact Fluorescent Lamp Energy saving Energy saving Harmonics Harmonics

10. Neon Lights Neon lamps are used for art, advertising They are made by evacuating air from glass tubes, then filling them with neon gas

11. Halogen Lamp By using electric current to heat a filament of tungsten By using electric current to heat a filament of tungsten The filament is housed inside a sealed container The filament is housed inside a sealed container They filled with a halogen gas such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine, or a combination of these gases. They filled with a halogen gas such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine, or a combination of these gases.

12. Lighting systems in labs & offices12 Q: Why would a person spend 20000 R to 25000 R to purchase a CFL bulb rather than incandescent for 5000 R? A: A: Because CFLs Use 75 percent less energy to operate. Last up to 10 times longer. Produce more lumens (light) per watt (electricity used)

13. Lighting systems in labs & offices13 Life duration

14. Lighting systems in labs & offices14 Incandescent Watts (lumens) Compact Fluorescent Watts (lumens) 60 (900)16 (900) 75 (1200)20 (1100-1200) 100 (1750)30 (1600-1800)Comparing

15. Lighting systems in labs & offices15 Lamps efficiency

16. lighting  I ndoor lighting  O utdoor lighting

17. Lighting systems in labs & offices17 Indoor lighting AAccent lighting To highlight specific objects TTask lighting Direct light to specific activity areas AAmbient lighting Distribute light broadly throughout a space

18. Outdoor lighting Lighthouse, Lake Erie, Ohio security beauty Ultraviolet and blue wavelengths attract insects yellow repels the insects

19. LIGHT MEASURING LIGHT MEASURING The length of light waves is measured in meters The length of light waves is measured in meters The frequency of light waves is measured in hertz The frequency of light waves is measured in hertz The unit of illumination is defined in meters and is called the lux and Measured with luxmeter The unit of illumination is defined in meters and is called the lux and Measured with luxmeter

20. Color of light

21. Lighting systems in labs & offices21 GMP & lighting Minimum levels in personnel work areas should be no less than 500 lux, one meter from floor. Minimum levels in personnel work areas should be no less than 500 lux, one meter from floor. Fixtures must be: Fixtures must be: 1. Cleanable 2. Non-shedding 3. Ledge free 4. Sealed 5. Crevice free

22. Lighting systems in labs & offices22 GMP & lighting Use stainless steel or aluminium fixture Use stainless steel or aluminium fixture (non-shedding & corrosive materials) Recess mounted fixtures are beneficial Recess mounted fixtures are beneficial (with maintenance access from walkable ceiling) Emergency lighting should be providing Emergency lighting should be providing (combining with normal fixtures to limit the amount of equipments)

23. Lighting systems in labs & offices23 How to designing Location Iran Illumination standard US Illumination Engineering society (IES) Typing office 600780 Filling4501100 Laboratories5001100 Lobby150220 Electronic works 500750

24. Lighting systems in labs & offices24 Light intensity for rats and mice Bright clear sunshine 100,000 – 150,000 lux Bright clear sunshine 100,000 – 150,000 lux Moonlight 5-10 lux Moonlight 5-10 lux 60-400 lux for rats 60-400 lux for rats and mice

25. Lighting systems in labs & offices25 Factors in designing 1. TLLF (Total Light Loss Factor) 2. RSDDF (Room Surface Dirt Depreciation Factor) 3. LBF ( Lamp Burned Factor) 4. WLC ( Wall Luminance Coefficient) 5. CCLC (Ceiling Cavity Luminance Coefficient )

26. Lighting systems in labs & offices26 energy saving Electronic dimmers Motion sensing light switches Electronic timers Photo cells

27. Lighting systems in labs & offices27 references http://www.lightresource.com/ http://www.lightresource.com/ http://www.lightresource.com/ http://www.energystar.gov/ http://www.energystar.gov/ http://www.energystar.gov/ Industrial lighting systems, j. b. deBore, Philips technical library,1981 Industrial lighting systems, j. b. deBore, Philips technical library,1981

28. Lighting systems in labs & offices28 thanks for thanks for your attention your attention and and collaboration collaboration a.yousefvand @ yahoo.com