1. 計畫主題：綠能智慧校園 ( 安南校區 ) 之規劃及政策推動 計畫名稱： Systematic Design of Flexible Power Generation Systems with Hybrid Energy Sources 參與人員： Chuei-Tin Chang ( 張珏庭 ), Vincentius Surya Kurnia Adi ( 郭文生 ), Meng- Han Lin ( 林孟翰 ) 報 告 人： 報 告 人： Vincentius Surya Kurnia Adi ( 郭文生 ) 「運用再生能源技術於綠能 環境之模擬及效益評估 ( Ⅱ ) 」 研究構想說明會 1 能源科技與策略研究中心

2. Outline Introduction Temporal flexibility analysis Flexible designs for PV/FC/WT hybrid power generation systems Current results Conclusions & future outcomes 2

3. Definition of flexibility Ability of a system to tolerate the uncertain variations in process parameters/conditions Traditional design approach Choosing conservative operating conditions Applying empirical overdesign factors for equipment sizing Introducing spare units Major disadvantages Interactions among units are not really considered Flexibility improvement of the integrated system cannot be accurately evaluated No systematic assessment to economic penalties No guarantee to financial feasibility Flexibility Index (FI) Continuous processes: Swaney and Grossmann (1985) Dynamic processes: Dimitriadis and Pistikopoulos (1995) Introduction 3

4. The proposed formulation is an improved version of dynamic FI model (Dimitriadis & Pistikopoulos, 1995) Design target: FI = 1 Accumulation of disturbance from normal level System description using equalities and inequalities Anticipated ranges of uncertain parameters Temporal flexibility analysis 4

5. Off-grid system needs to be designed properly according to a targeted energy supply-to-demand ratio. No proper design rules are available for pairing different types of power supplies. Battery always improves the system flexibility but there is no methods for properly determining its size. Ref.: V. S. K. Adi and C. T. Chang, 2015, “Development of Flexible Designs for PVFC Hybrid Power Systems,” Renew. Energ. 74, 176 – 186 Flexible designs for PV/FC/WT hybrid power generation systems 5 Solar irradiance Wind speed Power demand Hydrogen supply

6. Acquired data from Annan Campus Uncertain parameters: (1) solar irradiance, (2) wind speed, and (3) power demand Flexible designs for PV/FC/WT hybrid power generation systems 6 Ref.: Taiwan Central Weather Bureau, 2014, 2014 Year Data of Annan District, http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V7/

7. Acquired data for Annan Campus Uncertain parameters: (1) solar irradiance, (2) wind speed, and (3) power demand Flexible designs for PV/FC/WT hybrid power generation systems 7 Ref.: EnergyPark, 2015, “ 辦公室節能宣導手冊,” http://www.energypark.org.tw/website/101_firmn/Download/09 節能宣導資訊 / 節約能源手冊 / 辦公室節能宣導手冊.pdf

8. Flexible designs for PV/FC/WT hybrid power generation systems 8 Ref.: http://www.digchip.com/datasheets/parts/datasheet/922/MSX60-pdf.php

9. Flexible designs for PV/FC/WT hybrid power generation systems 9 Ref.: http://panasonic.co.jp/ap/FC/en_doc03_00.html

10. Flexible designs for PV/FC/WT hybrid power generation systems 10 Ref.: http://www.hi-vawt.com.tw/tw/tw_about_vaswt.html

11. Flexible designs for PV/FC/WT hybrid power generation systems 11 Ref.: http://www.hi-vawt.com.tw/tw/tw_about_vaswt.html

12. Flexible designs for PV/FC/WT hybrid power generation systems 12 Ref.: http://www.teslamotors.com/powerwall

13. Flexible designs for PV/FC/WT hybrid power generation systems 13 Ref.: http://www.teslamotors.com/powerwall

14. Flexible designs for PV/FC/WT hybrid power generation systems 14 Ref.: http://www.teslamotors.com/powerwall

15. Current results 15 Unit price 8.5 kW FC ENE-FARM $22600 0.7 kW WT HiVAWT DS-700 $1000 60 W PV MSX-60 $346 10 kWh B Tesla PowerWall $3500 Lowest capital cost $2623883 89 FC units 172 B units Remark No hydrogen storage is taken into account for capital cost calculation Darker area is favorable as design candidates as it is cheaper in installation cost

16. Conclusions The proposed temporal flexibility analysis has already been successfully applied to the PV/FC/WT hybrid power generation system. The energy supply-to-demand ratio plays a critical role in configuring a flexible hybrid power generation system. Time profiles of energy supplies and demand also exert profound impacts on the system operability. Wind energy are not favorable in Annan Campus due to very low availability in certain times in a year which may lead to power shortage and disruption of power supply. Hydrogen storage additional cost to FC units may need to be reviewed for fair assessment on the cost analysis of the PV/FC/WT hybrid power generation system. Future outcomes The aforementioned generic mathematical programming model. One (1) journal/conference publication on systematic design of flexible hybrid power generation systems with renewable energy sources. Conclusions & expected outcomes 16

17. Thank you 17