1. 6/12/2016 Objectives for heart saver AED Anatomy and physiology of the cardiac and respiratory system Symptoms of a heart attack and stroke CPR of the adult and AED First aid for obstructed airway

2. 6/12/2016 The heart is a muscular 4 chamber hollow pump. It is the size of your fist.

3. 6/12/2016 It is formed by 3 different layers of tissue. The endocardium The myocardium The pericardium

4. 6/12/2016 The endocardium is a smooth layer of cells that lines the inside of the heart and allows for the smooth flow of blood. The myocardium is the muscular middle layer. The pericardium is the double layered membrane or sac that covers the outside of the heart.

5. 6/12/2016 The septum is a muscular wall that separates the heart into the right and left side. The two upper chambers are the right and left atrium. The 2 lower chambers are the right and left ventricles.

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8. The right atrium receives unoxygentated blood from the body. The blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The unoxygenated blood is pumped to the pulmonary artery to the lungs. The carbon dioxide is removed and the blood cells are filled with oxygen.

9. 6/12/2016 The pulmonary valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Arteries are vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the body. One exception.the pulmonary artery does carry unoxygenated blood to the lungs. Veins carry unoxygenated blood to the heart and lungs. One exception the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart.

10. . Veins are generally larger in diameter, carry more blood volume and have thinner walls in proportion to their lumen. Arteries are smaller, have thicker walls in proportion to their lumen and carry blood under higher pressure than veins. Arteries and veins often travel in pairs using the same connective tissue pathways. 6/12/2016

11. Heart point animation Identify structures on the heart 6/12/2016

12. Capillaries are the smallest vessel which the exchange of oxygenation and nutrients occur. No exceptions.

13. 6/12/2016 Now that the blood has gone to the lungs and is filled with oxygen and released all its carbon dioxide. It will bring it oxygenated blood back to the heart via the pulmonary vein to the left atrium.The mitral valve (bicuspid) separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. The left ventricle then pumps the oxygenated blood to the aorta( the largest artery which pumps the blood to the rest of the body.

14. 6/12/2016 The right and left side of the heart work together in a cyclic manner. The brief period of pause or rest in between beats is called diastole. The ventricular contraction is called systole. The heart beats 60-100 times per minute.

15. 6/12/2016 Each time the heart beats it ejects about 2 ½ ounces (70 cc). The body has 5 or 6 quarts of blood. All 5-6 quarts are pumped through the body each minute.

16. Listen to your heart beat 6/12/2016

17. Playdoh heart 6/12/2016

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19. Electrical impulses in the heart cause the cyclic contraction. A group of cells in the right atrium called the sinoatrial node or SA node send out the electrical impulse which spread out throughout the atrium. After the impulse penetrates the atrium it comes to the atrioventricular node (AV node)‏

20. 6/12/2016 The AV node is a group of cells located between the atrium and the ventricles. The AV node sends the electrical impulse through the septum to the bundle of HIS. The bundle of HIS divides into right and left bundle branches which carry the impulse down through the ventricles.

21. 6/12/2016 The bundle branches further subdivide into the purkinje fibers which is a network of nerve fibers throughout the ventricles. The electrical conduction pattern occurs every 0.8 seconds. An EKG (electrocardiogram) is an interpretation of the electrical activity

22. 6/12/2016 An arrhythmia is an abnormal beat. Certain meds like Sudafed or even stress can cause an arrhythmia. The arrhythmia can be as benign as a PAC or life threatening as in ventricular fibrillation.

23. 6/12/2016 Respiratory system The respiratory system consist of the lungs and air passages.the lungs give oxygen to the blood cells and remove the waste product carbon dioxide. The O2 only last 4-6 minutes so a continuous flow of oxygen is needed. We take air in through the nose or mouth.

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25. As air enters the nose it is warmed by the lining of the mucous membranes. The air passes through the sinuses which also warm the air. The air then enters the pharynx. It then enters the trachea, the 2 bronchi,the 2 lungs, then the bronchioles and then the grapelike alveoli. Air exchange occur there.

26. 6/12/2016 The body measures the amount of co2 in your body and that determines how often you need to breath. The right lung has 3 lobes and the left lung has 2 lobes.

27. 6/12/2016 Causes of respiratory arrest Obstructed airway Stroke Shock Damage to the respiratory section in the brain due to illness, injury, drug overdose

28. 6/12/2016 Chain of survival Early access: determine unresponsiveness, call 911 and getting the AED Early CPR Early defibrillation Early advanced care. Transport to the hospital for medication and advanced treatment such as surgery or cardiac catherization

29. 6/12/2016 Today you will learn 3 out of 4 of these needed skills.

30. 6/12/2016 3 emergencies Airway obstruction Respiratory arrest Cardiac arrest

31. 6/12/2016 Heart disease Acute MI myocardial infarction involves part of the heart muscle dying. 1)Death occurs due to a coronary blockage of an artery that feed oxygen to the heart. 2) blood vessels spasms due to drugs (usually cocaine)‏

32. 6/12/2016 Arteriosclerosis: the progressive lining of the arterial wall with fatty plaque. Arteriosclerosis: hardening of the arterial wall causing a loss of elasticity with resulting hypertension.

33. 6/12/2016 Signs and symptoms of a heart attack Pain that last longer than 3 minutes. Usually awake but in severe pain Pain in the chest area which can radiate to both shoulders, epigastric area, neck or jaw. Other symptoms include N/V, sweating, and SOB

34. 6/12/2016 Cardiac arrest Unconscious, not breathing, no heartbeat, unresponsiveness CPR provides 30% cardiac output and 16% oxygen. Room air is 21%

35. 6/12/2016 angina Temporary lack of oxygen Treatment give nitroglycerine every 3 minutes times 3 if no relief if 10 minutes call 911

36. 6/12/2016 Uncontrollable Risk factor for heart disease age

37. 6/12/2016 race

38. 6/12/2016 gender

39. 6/12/2016 genetics

40. 6/12/2016 stress

41. 6/12/2016 Controllable risk factors smoking

42. 6/12/2016 diet

43. 6/12/2016 exercise

44. 6/12/2016 obesity

45. 6/12/2016 High blood pressure

46. 6/12/2016 stress

47. 6/12/2016 Type A personality

48. 6/12/2016 stroke A brain attack A blood vessel in the brain has been blocked by a blood clot so that the area of the brain receives no oxygenated blood. A blood vessel may rupture(aneurysm)‏ And poor blood into the brain tissue. A stroke can cause a person to stop breathing and the heart to stop beating.

49. 6/12/2016 Heart disease is the # 1 cause of death in the US Stroke is the # 3 cause. Symptoms of a stroke: facial droop, severe headache, visual disturbances, slurring of speech, incoherent, dizziness, seizures, numbness on one side. Treatment: aspirin and 911

50. 6/12/2016 Ventricular fibrillation Abnormal quivering of the heart muscle preventing the heart from pumping blood to the brain. Treatment: AED:automated external defibrillation. A device that evaluates a patients heart rhythm, generates and delivers a predetermined charge and re evaluates the heart after the charge. It will only shock for appropriate arrhythmia.

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52. Survival rate 50% survive if the AED is used within 5 minutes Survival rate is reduced by 10% for every minute thereafter. Brain death occurs in 4 minutes. Total brain death occurs in 10 minutes

53. 6/12/2016 Special considerations Remove victims from water if in water(lake, bathtub ect)‏ Do not use AED on those less than age 8 Do not put AED patches over transdermal patches or over pacemaker

54. 6/12/2016 Problems and solutions Sweaty chest: dry it Hairy chest: shave it

55. 6/12/2016 Contents of AED AED Electrodes Towel Razor Scissors Gloves Mask and valve

56. 6/12/2016 Operation of the AED Power on Attach pads Analyze and shout don’t touch Shock and shout all clear