1. The Controlling of Nature

2. Define the following terms  Nomad  Hunter-gatherer  Neolithic Revolution  Slash-and-Burn Farming  Domestication

3. Terms defined  Nomads: wander from place to place in search of food  Hunter-gatherers: Nomadic groups whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant foods  Neolithic revolution: Agricultural revolution about 10,000 years ago  Slash-and-Burn Farming: cut trees and grass and burned them to clear the field  Domestication: Taming of animals

4. Achievements in Technology and Art  Hunters created spears  Fish hooks and harpoons to catch fish  Used bone needles to sew animal hides  Necklaces of seashells, lion teeth and bear claws  Paintings on walls of caves in France and Spain

5. Neolithic or Agricultural Revolution  Causes of Agricultural Revolution  Warmer climate longer growing seasons  Increased population  Farming steady source of food

6. Farming Methods  Slash and Burn  Burned trees and grasses to clear field  Left field after couple of years to other land

7. Domestication of Animals  Tamed horses, dogs, goats and pigs  From rocky ravines to human-made enclosures

8. Development of Farming  Jarmo (Northeast Iraq): Zagros Mountains  Africa: Nile River Valley: Wheat and Barley  China: Huang He River Valley: Millet  Mexico and Central America: Corn, Beans, Squash  Peru: Andes Mountains: Tomatoes and Potatoes

9. Ch 1 Section 3 Civilization Main Idea Villages Grow into Cities: New Technology and increased population Economic Changes: Irrigation systems, crafts people(pottery, metal objects, woven cloth) Social Changes: Formation of classes based on positions and wealth. What is Civilization?: Complex culture with five characteristics. Advanced Cities: Center of trade for a larger area. Specialized Workers: Development of skill in specific kind of work: Specialization. Artisans: Skilled workers made goods by hand

10. Civilization Continued Main Idea Complex Institutions: Establishment of Government. Institution: Long lasting pattern of organization in a community. Record Keeping: Necessity to keep records. Laws, debts and payments. Scribes: Were the writers of records. Cuneiform: new Sumerian written language. Advanced Technology: Ox drawn plow, irrigation. Melt copper with tin to create bronze. Bronze age in Sumer 2500 B.C. Civilization Emerges in Ur: Banks of Euphrates River. Agricultural Economy: Irrigation and ox drawn plow. Government public works to ensure its operation. A Glimpse of City Life: City wall. Gate opened up into city with one story square homes. Ur’s Thriving Trade: Bazaar or marketplace: Trading goods and service without the use of currency (Barter) The Temple: Center of City Life: Ziggurat – means mountain of God Religious Ritual Recorded