1. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION  COMFORT CONDITIONING  PROCESS CONDITIONING CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 1

2. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION  COMFORT CONDITIONING  PROCESS CONDITIONING CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 2

3. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS  METABOLIC ACTIVITY  CUTANEOUS BLOOD CIRCULATION  SWEATING THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 BODY TEMPERATURE CONTROL MECHANISMS:  METABOLIC ACTIVITY.  CUTANEOUS BLOOD CIRCULATION.  SWEATING.

4. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS  METABOLIC ACTIVITY  CUTANEOUS BLOOD CIRCULATION  SWEATING THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 CUTANEOUS BLOOD CIRCULATION:  IN HOT WEATHER BLOOD FLOW NEAR THE SKIN IS INCREASED TO FACILITATE HEAT LOSS.  IN COLD WEATHER BLOOD FLOW NEAR THE SKIN IS REDUCED TO CONSERVE HEAT.

5. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS  METABOLIC ACTIVITY  CUTANEOUS BLOOD CIRCULATION  SWEATING THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4

6. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM  MODES OF HEAT TRANSFER  DEFINING COMFORT ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 MODES OF HEAT TRANSFER:  EVAPORATION  RADIATION  CONVECTION  CONDUCTION

7. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM  MODES OF HEAT TRANSFER  DEFINING COMFORT ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 PHYSIOLOGICAL INDEXES :  HEAT RATE INDEX  SWEAT RATE  METABOLIC RATE  MEAN SKIN TEMPERATURE

8. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM  MODES OF HEAT TRANSFER  DEFINING COMFORT ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 SUBJECTIVE SENSORY RESPONSES:  THERMAL SENSATION (0-9)  SENSIBLE PERSPIRATION (0-6)

9. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM  MODES OF HEAT TRANSFER  DEFINING COMFORT ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 DEFINITIONS OF COMFORT:  ASHRAE: ABSENCE OF DISCOMFORT.  HESCHONG: THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM

10. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 COMFORT EFFECTS OF LOW AIR TEMPERATURE:  COLD EXTREMITIES  SHIVERING  GOOSEBUMPS

11. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 HEALTH EFFECTS OF LOW AIR TEMPERATURE:  MINOR RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, SUCH AS, COLDS & SORE THROATS ARE PRESENT MAINLY IN THE WINTER & FALL.  MORE SERIOUS RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, SUCH AS, PNEUMONIA, HAVE A SOMEWHAT SHORTER SEASON IN THE WINTER.

12. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 COMFORT EFFECTS OF HIGH AIR TEMPERATURE: SWEATING. INCREASED HEART RATE.

13. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 HEALTH EFFECTS OF HIGH AIR TEMPERATURE: INTESTINAL INFECTIONS ARE MORE FREQUENT IN THE SUMMER.  POLIOMYELITIS (INFLAMMATION OF THE GRAY MATTER OF THE SPINAL CORD; ESPECIALLY INFANTILE PARALYSIS.  HYPERVENTILATION (OVER BREATHING WHICH REMOVE TOO MUCH CARBON-DIOXIDE FROM THE BLOOD).  INCREASE IN DEATH RATE DURING HEAT WAVES (APPROXIMATELY 35%).

14. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 INDEX: DRY BULB TEMPERATURE MEASURES AIR TEMPERATURE. COMFORT RANGE: 68 TO 80 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT (20 TO 26 C). VARIATIONS OF FIVE DEGREES VERTICALLY IS ACCEPTABLE. SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT INDEX OF COMFORT.

15. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4

16. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE:  DEFINITION: THE AVERAGE OF THE VARIOUS RADIANT INFLUENCES IN A SPACE.  MEASURES SURROUNDING SURFACE TEMPERATURE.  COMFORT RANGE: 50 TO 120 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT DEPENDING ON AIR TEMPERATURE.  IMPORTANT WHEN SURROUNDING SURFACES ARE AT A TEMPERATURE DIFFERENT FROM THE BODY.

17. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4

18. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 HIGH HUMIDITY LEVELS:  SUBJECTIVE FEELING OF SKIN WETNESS.  INHIBITS THE BODY’S ABILITY TO COOL ITSELF BY SWEATING.  CHOLERA & POLIOMYELITIS.

19. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 LOW HUMIDITY LEVELS:  DRYNESS IN THE THROAT AND NOSE.  DRYING AND CRACKING OF THE SKIN.  STATIC ELECTRICITY.  SMALLPOX AND MENINGITIS.  RESPIRATORY ILLNESS IN THE WINTER.

20. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 INCREASING HUMIDITY PRODUCES A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN RESPIRATORY ILLNESS IN THE WINTER:  THIS TYPE OF ILLNESS ACCOUNTS FOR 60% OF ABSENTEEISM.  STUDIES INDICATE A 49% REDUCTION WITH KINDERGARTEN CHILDREN WITH WINTER HUMIDIFICATION.  FOR OFFICE WORKERS 18% REDUCTION.

21. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 WET-BULB TEMPERATURE:  TEMPERATURE SHOWN BY A THERMOMETER WITH A WETTED BULB ROTATED RAPIDLY IN THE AIR TO CAUSE EVAPORATION OF ITS MOISTURE.  MEASURES THE EVAPORATIVE COOLING EFFECT.  USEFUL IN DESCRIBING COMFORT CONDITIONS IN REGIONS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY.

22. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 RELATIVE HUMIDITY:  RATIO OF THE PARTIAL PRESSURE OF THE ACTUAL WATER VAPOR PRESSURE TO THE WATER VAPOR PRESSURE OF A SATURATED MIXTURE AT THE SAME TEMPERATURE.  MEASURES THE DEGREE OF SATURATION OF THE AIR.  COMFORT RANGE: 20 TO 60%.

23. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 VAPOR PRESSURE:  FORCE EXERTED BY MOLECULES OF WATER VAPOR IN THE ATMOSPHERE.  MEASURES ACTUAL AMOUNT OF WATER VAPOR IN THE AIR.  COMFORT RANGE: 10 TO 15 MM OF MERCURY.

24. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4

25. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 AIR MOTION AFFECTS THE HUMAN BODY IN TWO WAYS:  DETERMINES THE RATE OF CONVECTIVE HEAT EXCHANGE.  AFFECTS THE EVAPORATIVE CAPACITY OF AIR & CONSEQUENTLY THE COOLING EFFICIENCY OF SWEATING.

26. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 COMFORT CONSIDERATIONS:  STEADY AIR MOTION IS PREFERABLE.  THE NECK, UPPER BACK & ANKLES HAVE GREATER SENSITIVITY TO DRAFTS.  PERCEPTIBLE AIR MOTION IS PREFERABLE.  COMFORT RANGE: 1O TO 70 FPM

27. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 OPTIMUM AIR VELOCITY IS DEPENDENT ON:  AIR TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  METABOLIC LEVEL  CLOTHING

28. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 OPERATIVE TEMPERATURE:  THE UNIFORM TEMPERATURE OF AN IMAGINARY ENCLOSURE WITH WHICH THE OCCUPANT WOULD EXCHANGE THE SAME HEAT BY RADIATION & CONVECTION AS IN THE ACTUAL ENVIRONMENT.  AN AVERAGE OF MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE & DRY-BULB TEMPERATURES WEIGHTED BY THEIR RESPECTIVE RADIATION AND CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS.  RATIONALLY DERIVED.  ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CONSIDERED: DRY-BULB & MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE

29. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 GLOBE THERMOMETER TEMPERATURE:  USES A SIX INCH DIAMETER BLACK GLOBE, THE EQUILIBRIUM TEMPERATURE OF THE GLOBE IS A SINGLE TEMPERATURE INDEX.  EMPIRICALLY DERIVED.  ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CONSIDERED: DRY-BULB, AIR MOVEMENT & NET RADIANT HEAT RECEIVED FROM THE SURROUNDING SURFACES.

30. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE: HISTORY:  DEVELOPED IN 1923-25 BY HOUGHTEN, YAGLOU & MILLER. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CONSIDERED:  AIR TEMPERATURE: 30-110 DEGREES F.  WET BULB TEMPERATURE: 30-110 DEGREES F.  AIR VELOCITY: 20-700 FPM. CRITERION FOR DETERMINING THE EFFECTS OF THESE FACTORS:  INSTANTANEOUS THERMAL SENSATION

31. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 NEW EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE: DEFINITION:  THE DRY-BULB TEMPERATURE OF A THERMO-EQUIVALENT ENVIRONMENT AT 50% RH AND UNIFORM RADIATION CONDITIONS.  EXPERIMENTALLY DETERMINED. THE THEMO-EQUIVALENT HEAT EXCHANGE IS BASED:  CLOTHING AT 0.6 CLO.  STILL AIR.  ONE HOUR EXPOSURE TIME.  A SEDENTARY ACTIVITY LEVEL (ONE MET).

32. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 NEW EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE: ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CONSIDERED:  DRY-BULB TEMPERATURE.  HUMIDITY.  RADIANT CONDITIONS.  AIR MOVEMENT. EVALUATION: A RELIABLE INDICATOR OF DISCOMFORT OR DISSATISFACTION WITH THE THERMAL ENVIRONMENT.

33. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  AIR TEMPERATURE  RADIANT TEMPERATURE  HUMIDITY  AIR MOTION  COMBINED EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS 4 COMFORT CHART

34. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS  ACTIVITY  ACCLIMATIZATION  CLOTHING  PHYSICAL CONDITION  CULTURE  AGE  SEX 4 INDIVIDUAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THERMAL COMFORT ACTIVITY LEVEL:  COMFORT ZONE TEMPERATURES ARE DECREASED FOR ACTIVITY LEVELS GREATER THAN 1.2 METS.  MINIMUM ALLOWABLE OPERATIVE TEMPERATURE FOR HIGHER ACTIVITY LEVELS IS 50 DEGREES F. MET SCALE:  SEATED: 1.0  WALKING: 2.0  BASKETBALL: 5 TO 7.6

35. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS  ACTIVITY  ACCLIMATIZATION  CLOTHING  PHYSICAL CONDITION  CULTURE  AGE  SEX 4 INDIVIDUAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THERMAL COMFORT ACCLIMATIZATION: HEAT:  95% AFTER 6-7 DAYS  IMPROVED CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION  SWEATING SECRETION  SODIUM CONSERVATION MECHANISM

36. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS  ACTIVITY  ACCLIMATIZATION  CLOTHING  PHYSICAL CONDITION  CULTURE  AGE  SEX 4 INDIVIDUAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THERMAL COMFORT ACCLIMATIZATION: COLD:  PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES REQUIRE REPEATED UNCOMFORTABLE COLD EXPOSURE TO INDUCE THEM.  NON-SHIVERING HEAT PRODUCTION VIA METABOLISM OF FREE FATTY ACIDS RELEASED FROM ADIPOSE TISSUE.  CIRCULATORY HEAT FLOW TO SKIN.

37. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS  ACTIVITY  ACCLIMATIZATION  CLOTHING  PHYSICAL CONDITION  CULTURE  AGE  SEX 4 INDIVIDUAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THERMAL COMFORT ACCLIMATIZATION: SHORT-TERM ACCLIMATIZATION:  IN SPACES OF SHORT TERM OCCUPANCY (STORES & PUBLIC LOBBIES) IT IS BEST TO MAINTAIN IN THE SUMMER A RELATIVELY WARM, DRY CLIMATE IN WHICH THE PERSPIRATION RATE WILL CHANGE ONLY A SMALL AMOUNT.  A ROUGH GUIDELINE IS TO REDUCE INSIDE-TO- OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AT LEAST 5 DEGREES FOR OCCUPANCY TIMES LESS THAN ONE HOUR.

38. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS  ACTIVITY  ACCLIMATIZATION  CLOTHING  PHYSICAL CONDITION  CULTURE  AGE  SEX 4 INDIVIDUAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THERMAL COMFORT ACCLIMATIZATION:

39. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS  ACTIVITY  ACCLIMATIZATION  CLOTHING  PHYSICAL CONDITION  CULTURE  AGE  SEX 4 INDIVIDUAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THERMAL COMFORT

40. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS  ACTIVITY  ACCLIMATIZATION  CLOTHING  PHYSICAL CONDITION  CULTURE  AGE  SEX 4 INDIVIDUAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THERMAL COMFORT CLOTHING: AFFECTS COMFORT IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:  BARRIER TO CONVECTIVE & RADIANT HEAT EXCHANGE.  INTERFERES WITH THE SWEAT EVAPORATION PROCESS. UNITS: CLO  UNIT OF THERMAL RESISTANCE; 1 CLO =.88 FT F/BTU.  ADDING 1 CLO OF INSULATION PERMITS A REDUCTION IN AIR TEMPERATURE OF APPROXIMATELY 13 DEGREES F.

41. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS  ACTIVITY  ACCLIMATIZATION  CLOTHING  PHYSICAL CONDITION  CULTURE  AGE  SEX 4 INDIVIDUAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THERMAL COMFORT PHYSICAL CONDITION:  ENHANCED HEAT ACCLIMATIZATION.  INCREASES MAXIMUM METABOLIC OUTPUT.

42. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS  ACTIVITY  ACCLIMATIZATION  CLOTHING  PHYSICAL CONDITION  CULTURE  AGE  SEX 4 INDIVIDUAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THERMAL COMFORT CULTURE:

43. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS  ACTIVITY  ACCLIMATIZATION  CLOTHING  PHYSICAL CONDITION  CULTURE  AGE  SEX 4 INDIVIDUAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THERMAL COMFORT AGE:  DANISH STUDIES INDICATE NO SUBSTANTIAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ELDERLY AND COLLEGE AGE SUBJECTS.  SOME ENGINEERS LOWER DESIGN TEMPERATURES FOR OCCUPANTS UNDER TWELVE YEARS OF AGE AND INCREASE DESIGN TEMPERATURES FOR OCCUPANTS OVER SIXTY-FIVE.

44. THERMAL COMFORT INTRODUCTION CONTROL MECHANISMS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INDIVIDUAL FACTORS  ACTIVITY  ACCLIMATIZATION  CLOTHING  PHYSICAL CONDITION  CULTURE  AGE  SEX 4 INDIVIDUAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THERMAL COMFORT GENDER:  KSU-ASHRAE COMFORT STUDIES  MEN GENERALLY FEEL WARMER THAN WOMEN ON INITIAL EXPOSURE TO A GIVEN TEMPERATURE, BUT LATER FEEL COOLER, APPROACHING WOMEN’S THERMAL SENSATION AFTER 1 TO 2 HOURS IN THE ENVIRONMENT.