1. Unit Question: What is life and how does it maintain balance? Topic: Cell Structure and Physiology Aim: How is life organized? Name:________________

2. Admit Slip: What does the “X” represent? Tissues LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION Cell examples: Heart Cells Lung Cells Brain Cells Tissue examples: Cardiac Tissue Lung Tissue Brain Tissue Organ Examples: Heart Lungs Brain Organ System Examples: Circulatory Respiratory Nervous

3. CELLS

4. Single-Celled Organisms vs. Multicellular Organisms A single-celled organism is a living organism that is made up of only one cell Examples: Ameba and paramecium

5. Single-Celled Organisms vs. Multicellular Organisms Do single-celled organisms have tissues, organs, and organ systems? Why?_________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________

6. Plant vs. Animal Cells Both plant and animal cells have the same organelles. But what are 2 organelles that a plant cell has, but an animal cell does not? Chloroplasts and Cell Wall

7. These pictures show different types of cells found in the body. They all look different from each other, but they all mostly have the same organelles inside. The organelles in each cell all carry out the same life processes (e.x., take in oxygen, make proteins). Cells look different on the outside, but are the same on the inside…

8. The Plasma Membrane The covering of the cell and the boundary between the inside and outside of the cell. Separates cell from the outside environment Controls what enters and leaves the cell

9. Nucleus Cell control center (gives instructions to cell to make proteins) Contains chromosomes (which have the genetic material of organisms)

10. Cytoplasm Fluid that surrounds materials inside our cells

11. Ribosomes Build the proteins our body needs using instructions received from the nucleus

12. Endoplasmic Reticulum Chemical Reactions in cell happen here

13. Mitochondria Releases energy the cell needs to do its job

14. Vacuole Storage of materials

15. Chloroplast Takes in energy from the Sun for photosynthesis Found only in plant cells

16. Lysosomes Break down old organelles, bacteria, food particles

17. Golgi Bodies Transport material around cell

18. TRY THE FOLLOWING REGENTS QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE. THE QUESTIONS WERE TAKEN STRAIGHT FROM OLD REGENTS EXAMS. USE THE NOTES TO HELP YOU!

19. Which structures are listed in order from the least complex to the most complex? (1) plant cell, leaf, chloroplast, rose bush (2) chloroplast, plant cell, leaf, rose bush (3) chloroplast, leaf, plant cell, rose bush (4) rose bush, leaf, plant cell, chloroplast

21. Humans require organ systems to carry out life processes. Single-celled organisms do not have organ systems and yet they are able to carry out life processes. This is because (1) human organ systems lack the organelles found in single-celled organisms (2) a human cell is more efficient than the cell of a single-celled organism (3) it is not necessary for single-celled organisms to maintain homeostasis (4) organelles present in single-celled organisms act in a manner similar to organ systems

25. The levels of organization for structure and function in the human body from least complex to most complex are (1) systems, organs, tissues, cells (2) cells, organs, tissues, systems (3) tissues, systems, cells, organs (4) cells, tissues, organs, systems