1. Metabolism -- ~ P Regulation

2. The Measurement of Metabolism We will not directly follow these processes any more than a chemist does who measures the heat evolved or taken in by a process. Methods all involve assumptions -- in a way it is like measuring the economy and no one measure is perfect.

3. Phosphagen Cycle -- Phosphagen Buffer During High Demand This process is controlled by the amount of enzyme present (CK) and thermodynamically (amts. of reactants/products)

4. Replenishment of Phosphagen

5. The Krebs Cycle Take Home: Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix Rate is very dependent on the ratio of oxidized to reduced coenzyme Feed ins -- 2 C frags.. from carbohydrate and fat metabolism; Amino acid frags in other places

6. Energy Schematic of the ETS Take Home In inner membrane Will maintain a favorable steady- state ratio of oxidized to reduced coenzyme if sufficient O 2 is present to accept each electron produced in the Krebs and other reactions.

7. Mitochondrial Overall Energy Schematic

8. Glycolysis Energy Schematic

9. Aerobic Glycolysis Overview

10. Energetics of Aerobic Glycolysis The overall reaction (path does not matter): A distinct stoichiometry exists between all members of this process. This means that if we know carbohydrate is the fuel, then if we measure the change in one component of this reaction, we know the changes in all others.

11. How About Lipid? Once again, if we know that lipid (palmitic acid) is the fuel, we can measure one factor in the reaction and find all the others.

12. How do we know the fuel being used? You cannot tell simply from what the animal eats. There is a certain ratio of CO 2 production to O 2 consumption exists for different fuels. For carbs: Ratio is 1:1

13. The Ratio is Different In Palmitic Acid 16/23 = 0.7

14. The Respiratory Quotient (RQ)

15. How the Table Values For Energy Equivalence Were Obtained – An example